Online Bachelor Degree in Criminal Justice Benefits and Rewards of a Forensic Psychology Emphasis 2019

Many workers get started in the field of criminal justice with a high school diploma or associate degree in criminal justice. However, opportunities for advancement and higher salaries more often exist for workers who have earned a criminal justice bachelor degree. Criminal Justice degree Colleges online are giving current professionals the chance to reap the career rewards of an online bachelor degree in criminal justice while maintaining the demands and responsibilities of a job in the criminal justice field. Advanced study also affords students the opportunity to delve into specific topics within criminal justice, such as forensic psychology. Spotlight on Forensic Psychology in Criminal Justice One of the unique features of the online Bachelor Degree in Criminal Justice is the option for students to choose between seven areas of focus within the field of criminal justice. Students choosing the forensic psychology emphasis learn to apply knowledge of psychology to the criminal justice system. These colleges boast that online Bachelor Degree in Criminal Justice students who focus on forensic psychology go on to enter advanced positions in: Law enforcement. Social services. The judicial system. Forensic psychology study allows students to better interact with mentally ill individuals and to better understand the effects of crime on victims and the surrounding community. .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe:active, .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u905286c84a62b86897e7731a1e23a9fe:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly About Online MBA CoursesEarn More Money with a Bachelor Criminal Justice Degree Online A brief look at data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows the objective value of an online bachelor degree in criminal justice. More education means higher earnings and lower rates of unemployment for life. On average, a professional who has earned an online bachelor degree in criminal justice or another discipline earns $900 per week, whereas the worker with only a high school education earns just $554 per week. Going deeper into the data, that means the bachelors degree holder earns 62% more than the high school graduate. Over a lifetime, this adds up to major differences in total earnings. Students interested in learning more about forensic psychology and other specialties in criminal justice education may visit College-Pages.com, the education and career resource website. Prospective students will find an extensive list of available online bachelor degree in criminal justice programs as well as informative articles for making education and career decisions. .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9:active, .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u39bf8c94651887ae684c22524ecc1ca9:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ How to Answer Common Interview QuestionsRelated ArticlesBachelor Criminal Justice Degree Benefits and Rewards of a Crime Scene Investigation EmphasisAssociate Degree in Criminal Justice Boost Earning Potential and Streamline into the Criminal Justice WorkforceOnline Criminal Justice Master DegreePrepare for Leadership Positions with a Criminal Justice Administration ProgramFind Law, Criminal Justice, Social Science Degree ProgramsCriminal Justice Associate Degree Online Excellent Opportunities for Women in Corrections

The War Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1476 Words

The 1950s was a decade of prosperity, the economy was booming, military was strong, the beginning of the civil rights movement. In the 1960s the decade involved protest, the war in Vietnam, the fight for civil rights, and JFK. Then came the 1970s and it was known as the time of peace and love, equality for all, the ongoing war in Vietnam, and Nixon. Each decade after one another affected the next with foreign policy, domestic policy, politics, political leadership, the economy, and the social terms of each decade. In 1945-1953, Harry Truman was in office and his foreign policy philosophy was containment. Some main events of foreign policy while he was in office was the Potsdam Conference, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. The Potsdam†¦show more content†¦On January 4, 1957 the Eisenhower Doctrine was proposed for a middle eastern country can request american aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by aggression from another state. Heading into the 1960s was t he foreign flexible response philosophy by the 35th president, President John F. Kennedy, some events he made on foreign policy was the Berlin Wall, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Let them come to Berlin, is a part of the speech Kennedy gave at the Berlin Wall two years after the construction. When Kennedy took office, he kept Eisenhower’s CIA and military advisors who had created the mission. Kennedy made the final decision to send approximately 1,200 CIA-trained Cuban exiles to land at the bay. An American plane secretly took photos of nuclear missile sites being made by the Soviet Union in Cuba. JFK did not want SU or Cuba to find out that he discovered the missiles. After JFK’s term, Lyndon Johnson took office and followed Kennedy’s philosophy and carried out some of his plans, such as the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, commitment of troops to Vietnam, and the CIA-sponsored coups in Latin America. August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Tonkin Re solution, giving President Johnson permission to take any measures he believed were needed to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. As a commitment he ordered an increase in

The Unnecessary Stress from Formal Exams in University free essay sample

As well as the person working in the best firm, students that study in university have to suffer different kinds of stress from various elements. A formal examination can be one of the reasons for their study-related stress. However, some people believe that it is unnecessary for students to stand more stress from formal examinations. This essay will argue that formal examinations indeed place unnecessary stress on students at university. It will focus on unnecessary nervousness due to the formal requirements and the overburden because of the significant weighting of exams. Normally the strict and large amount of requirements in examination room can create a tense atmosphere for examinees. Not only the layout of the examination room but also the constant monitoring from teachers contribute to some nervousness who has a poor psychological diathesis. Although a little nervousness can help examinees do their best during the exam, over-nervousness may present their mind from recalling and collecting the knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unnecessary Stress from Formal Exams in University or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consequently it is not necessary to be nervous under the external forms of the formal examinations such as put your belongs in the front of the classroom or emphasis the discipline in the examination place, which is only used to be caution for those who want to cheat in the exam. It is also well-known that the high weighting of examinations, which is significant for final exams, can lead to produce amount of students overburdened in their mind. There are increasing numbers of forms of examinations in the university such as presentations, assignments, closed-book exams. The more formal this exam is, the larger proportion of the final success it occupied. Accordingly, students who have the high expectations want to achieve a perfect result, which can give rise to the social pressure in their study. However, the high weighting of the examination is just a reasonable standard for the knowledge and skills you have grasped. If students work hard during the long study-term, it is not necessary to be high-pressured any more in the moment of the exam. In conclusion, there are both nervousness and mental burden owes to the apparent from of the exam as well as the high weight in the final exam is not necessary for students, which only can weaken the confidence and affect the performance in the exam. That is what should be treated seriously. Only the intensive daily study can alleviate the stress during the exam.

Lab report blood glucose regulation Essay Example

Lab report: blood glucose regulation Paper When was plasma glucose concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points (within a few points of each other), then give range of times when plasma glucose concentration was highest. Immediately post meal and one hour post meal 2. When was plasma glucose concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma glucose concentration was lowest. 3 hour post meal Type in the following AVERAGE plasma ketene values: Pasting: I hour post meal: Stones (porno/l) sub 1 Sub 2 sub 3 Fast i Eng Immediately Post Meal I Hour Post Meal . When was plasma ketene concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma ketene concentration was highest. During fasting 4. When was plasma ketene concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range Of times when plasma ketene concentration Type in the following AVERAGE plasma insulin values: Insulin (mol/l) Sub I I _ When was plasma insulin concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma insulin concentration I hour post meal 2. When was plasma insulin concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range Of times When plasma insulin concentration was lowest. Type in the following AVERAGE plasma clangor values: Clangor (mol/l) 3 Hours post Meal 3. When was plasma clangor concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range Of times when plasma clangor concentration was highest. ! Hour post meal 4. When was plasma clangor concentration lowest? We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report: blood glucose regulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report: blood glucose regulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report: blood glucose regulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma clangor incineration was lowest. 1 hour post meal Type in the following AVERAGE value for the insulin/clangor ratio: Fasting: Insulin/Clangor 2 Hours post Meal 5. When was plasma insulin/clangor concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma insulin, clangor concentration was highest. Insulin was highest 1 hour post meal and clangor was highest 3 hrs post meal 6. When was plasma insulin/clangor concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times when plasma insulin/clangor incineration was lowest Insulin was lowest during fasting sniff clangor avgas lowest 1 hour post meal DISCUSSION 1. Explain how insulin changed plasma glucose concentration over the course Of the experiment. The insulin changed the plasma glucose levels by raising dramatically from fasting to the one hour mark, but by hour 3 it dropped again to almost the same levels as fasting. The clangor remained almost the same on throughout the levels except that it lowered a bit 1 hour after the meal. 2. Explain how clangor changed plasma glucose concentration over the course f the experiment. Clangor acts on liver cells to promote breakdown of glycogen into glucose and formation of glucose from lactic acid and certain amino acids, 3. Explain what caused the change in plasma ketene concentration over the course to the experiment. Stones changed from high during fasting to lower after eating and even after hour three because it first they were needed to generate AT p but dropped because they were not needed as much for fuel. 4. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma insulin concentration observed during the experiment he level of blood glucose controls secretion of both clangor and insulin via negative feedback. 5. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma clangor concentration observed during the experiment. . The insulin/clangor ratio changed over the course of the experiment indicating changes in glucose storage and changes in ability to increase blood glucose concentration via selenologists and glutinousness. State when glucose storage capability was highest and why. 7. State when selenologists and glutinousness were highest and why. Hour post meal because thats when there was the highest amount of sugar in the blood, 8. Explain how a high blood ketene level helps the b ody conserve blood glucose. When the concentration of ketene bodies in the blood rises above normal the ketene bodies, most Of Which are acids, must buffered. 9. Restate your predictions that were correct and give the data from your experiment that supports them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving the data from your experiment that supports the correction. APPLICATION 1. During exercise, epinephrine and morphogenesis are released from the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine and morphogenesis have the same effect on plasma glucose levels as clangor. Explain how epinephrine and morphogenesis affect plasma glucose and why this is important during exercise. Epinephrine and morphogenesis will be released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. During exercise the brain will release epinephrine and morphogenesis because it has been told that the body needs to adjust to the new demand that must be met. Which means that the heart rate needs to increase in order to support itself and work efficiently.

Freedom of Speech

Table of Contents Introduction Importance of freedom of speech Freedom of speech Limitations to freedom of speech Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Freedom of speech is the freedom that citizens are constitutionally granted by their country to allow the citizens to speak without limitations or censorship of what they say.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Speech specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This freedom varies from country to country depending on levels of democracy and political situations. Freedom of speech is always advocated for and governments urged to constitutionally protect their citizens’ freedom of speech to enable people discuss issues that affect them. There have also been views of negative effects of unmonitored freedom of speech calling for a balance between the freedom of speech and its limitations. This paper seeks to discuss freedom of speech. The paper will look at the human nature that necessitates speech and expression, freedom of speech as applied in different countries and limitations that freedom of speech faces. Importance of freedom of speech The nature of human beings to coexist with one another and developments that have led to democratic government systems have made speech and interactions fundamental elements in every society. Developments of government systems and establishment of democracies have played a role in enlisting the participation of citizens in government processes in order to uphold the already established democratic levels in societies. It is this need to retain or even further develop democratic systems that has in the past led to the fight for freedom of speech. The same reason still plays an important role in ensuring that provisions of freedom of speech are correctly implemented to take care of the intentions that were originally considered during formulations of such policies that governs freedom of speech. The natur e of human beings to interact and communicate with one another is another element that necessitates freedom of speech. Economic, political and even social aspects of life require an ultimate decision regarding a course of action to be taken regarding any particular issue. Matters that affect a large mass of people such as politics and national economic matters have been regarded as public aspects that are determined collectively (Mediainst 1).Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Citizens therefore find it necessary to participate in such discussions pertaining to these public issues with the aim of checking and putting to task leaders and representatives to ensure that the interest of the people are looked into. Interactive forums also help people to be informed on current and developing issues in a society. Freedom of speech, therefore, allows for transfer of information that he lps different category of people in decision making. Effective decisions regarding election of political leaders, management of business activities and even personal and family decisions depends on information. Information about government economic policies and trends in a country will, for example, affect small scale business established in a given township. Freedom of speech and access to information is therefore critical to citizens in their daily lives (Mediainst 1). Freedom of speech Freedom of speech is an element that is occasionally protected by laws of various countries. In the United States, for example, freedom of speech is strictly protected by the country’s first amendment. According to the first amendment, freedom of speech is protected from manipulation by selfish individuals such as politicians who could be in power and intend to undermine criticisms from the general public. For this reason, the first amendment of the United States constitution provided protec tion of the freedom of speech from legislative institutions such as the congress. Freedom of speech has also been liberalized in the United States to include non verbal expressions, motions and symbols that includes dressing codes (Camp 1). Xinyi Wang explained the elements of the United States’ first amendment, which clearly, or as one would think it does, expresses the sanctity of freedom of speech in the United States. The constitution expressly states that the congress is prohibited from making legislations that would touch on the freedom of speech.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom of Speech specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first amendment also included other elements that are related to freedom of speech such as issues pertaining to the press and the fact that Americans were allowed to converge and share opinions in a peaceful manner and to stand and question their government in case the c itizens felt aggrieved by the government (Xinyi 1). In its application, freedom of speech protects subjects from liability to whatever they say, provided that the subject statements uttered by an individual are under the protection of freedom of speech as provided by a particular country. Freedom of speech enjoyed by legislators in their course of legislation for example protects them from any liability emanating from anything that the legislatures say while in their legislative process. The constitution of Canada for example provides that â€Å"no legislative councilor or member of the legislative assembly shall be liable to any action, arrest, or imprisonment, or damages† (Canadian constitution 69) as long as subject commission were undertaken in a process of conducting legislative duties in the premises for such duties (Canadian constitution 69). In Britain, legislatures are only protected from speech uttered in their process of legislation. A similar application of the fr eedom of speech is applicable to other citizens. Provisions are made by constitutions in different countries regarding freedoms that citizens are accorded with regard to speech and measures are then taken to ensure that subject to constitutional provisions, no citizens are held liable to any utterance that is made within constitutional provisions of freedom of speech (Canadian constitution 69). Limitations to freedom of speech Even though freedom of speech is expressly stated in a number of countries’ constitutions, and provisions made that freedom of speech shall be utterly protected by constitutions, a review of application of law by judicial systems reveals that constitutional provisions of freedom of speech have under certain circumstances been overridden by other factors.Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When freedom of speech is not applicable, for whatever legal reason, then it means that constitutional provisions on the freedom have limitations with respect to interpretation and application. In the United States, for example, matters such as: â€Å"national security, justice or personal safety-overrides freedom of speech† (Freedomforum 1). This means that an individual’s freedom of speech will be overlooked if any or all of these three issues are involved. A person whose speech threatens such issues like national security or infringes rights of other citizens might not be protected by freedom of speech. The judicial system in the United States has, for example, established over time that utterances that: poses a threat to causing danger or violence, undermine â€Å"social value† and â€Å"conflict with other legitimate social or government interests† (Freedomforum 1) are not protected by freedom of speech (Freedomforum 1). Limitations in the freedom of speech are also propagated by international bodies such as the United Nations. According to the United Nations resolution in its 1948 general assembly, it was agreed upon that as much as people had to be accorded freedom of expression, countries and states were not prevented from establishing measures that can possibly regulate parties in their process of disseminating information. It was resolved that freedom of speech and freedom of expression calls for a level of responsibility on the parts of citizens and entities and thus governments were not restricted by the resolution from â€Å"requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises† (Whitmore 1). The resolution at the United Nations assembly also stated that freedom of speech was subjected matters that are fundamental to â€Å"democratic society, interest of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for protection of health or morals† (Whitmore 1) among other factors. This resolution thus recognizes territorial sovereignty in legislations that limits freedom of speech of an individual when it is considered to undermine sensitive public issues (Whitmore 1). There are a number of limitations which have been imposed on freedom of speech within the United States. Obscenity has, for example, been expressly excluded from freedom of speech by the judicial system of the United States. Other limitations on freedom of speech and press in the United States include â€Å"child pornography, defamation, speech harmful to children, compelled speech† (Cohen 26) among others. The need for limitation of freedom of speech is also expressed by Sadurski Wojciech in an argument that â€Å"self fulfillment† should be accompanied by self-control (Sadurski 18). Freedom of speech is considered to bring satisfaction to individuals and for this reason, people must ensure that their freedom does not harm the fulfillment that other people wants to enjoy. Limitations are therefore necessary to ensure that every citizen enjoys his or her freedom (Sadurski 18). Conclusion Freedom of speech is important in a democratic nation and is internationally recognized and advocated for. It has been entrenched in a number of national constitutions and over time enhanced due to movements of human rights activists. The provision and protection of freedom of speech by national constitutions is however at the same time limited by the same constitutions subject to rights of other citizens and national interests. Works Cited Camp, Julie. Freedom of expression. California State University, 2005. Web. Canadian constitution. The Canadian constitution. Canada: UAP archive. Print. Cohen, Henry. Freedom of speech and press: exceptions to the first amendment. FAS, 2009. Web. Freedomforum. Education for freedom. Freedom Forum. Web. Mediainst. Importance of freedom of speech. Medianst. Web. Sadurski, Wojciech. Freedom of speech and its limits. New York, NY: Springer, 2001. Print. Whitmore Marc. Freedom of speech, restrictions on. Idebate Organization, 2009. Web. Xinyi, Wang. Freedom of speech in the United States constitution. Perspectives. Web. This essay on Freedom of Speech was written and submitted by user Alaya Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Autism Children Education Inclusion Policy in Private Schools Compulsory Enrollment Policy 2011

Autism Children Education Inclusion Policy in Private Schools Compulsory Enrollment Policy 2011 The inception of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has raised debates on the right method to provide quality, reliable, and talent nurturing/growth education. The United States of America has enacted free basic education to children with special needs; however, some parents have opted to have their children in private schools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Autism Children Education Inclusion Policy in Private Schools: Compulsory Enrollment Policy 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Private schools are managed as individual or corporation businesses with the motive of earning profits; their motive discriminates against children with special needs as they need much attention that might be costly to the institution. The low enrollment of children with special needs the United States private schools have created a deficit in the facilities required (Hines, 2008). This report details a policy to c ompel private schools to have facilities that can accommodate children with autism, the policy will be called â€Å"Compulsory Enrollment Policy 2011†. Rationale for the policy identifying interests Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) or Pervasive Developmental Disorders or just Autism is the umbrella name given to range of neurodevelopment disorders; the condition affects children and can hardly be cured or reversed. According to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) autism can affects people of different races, social class, nationalities, and ethnicity however girls are at a higher risk to contract the disease than boys. Although the children might have some mental retardation, they have been blessed with some talents; skills, intellectual capacity, and intelligence that can be natured for to assist them earn a living. Although it is the decision of the parent to enroll his/her child in a private school, since the government has committed to look into the interests of the children, it should enact a policy that will facilitate reimbursement of tuition and special handling fees paid by the parent.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When private schools have been compelled to have modification and accommodation programs for children with autism, then the access to education will be improved. High enrollment of the child means that it can be accommodated in the community with ease can get quality education like any other child, and the rights of the child have been respected. Although the act will be compelling private schools to be offering the service, it will be sensitive in that a minimum number. The policy recommends that every facility should have facilities that can accommodate at-least five children with autism in every stage. When intellectually upright children interact with children with autism, they learn to accommodate them and understand their way of living; with the boosted understanding, the society becomes well integrated with mutual understandings among people. Students with disability have a low self esteem and believe that they are less important to their peers. When they are segregated, they are likely to hate themselves more and even blame their condition on situations. The increased/ enhanced self esteem will assist the child in later developments in life as well as to realize its potential and talents. On the part of ordinary students they will understand the condition of the disabled and change their perception towards them this is when they interact freely and won’t find them as societal outskirts. What the policy addresses The policy aims at increasing enrollment rate of children with autism in private schools it offers some guidelines on how the schools should handle children with autism. The following are the main areas will be addressed by the policy: Prohibited Private schools wil l be prohibited from ignoring the needs of children suffering from autism; they will be compelled by the act to have facilities that can accommodate at least five children with autism in every grade. To enforce the action, when registering a facility, the register of private schools in a district will visit the facility and ensure the facilities are intact.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Autism Children Education Inclusion Policy in Private Schools: Compulsory Enrollment Policy 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discouraged The law/policy will discourage private school owners to take advantage of parents of children with autism by charging them high fees. The government will put a cap to the highest amount that can be charged as fees to a parent. With Supreme Court ruling in the Forest Grove School District v. T.A. case June 2009, parents will be able to get reimbursement from the government of private and speci al needs fees paid to private schools. Required The policy will make it a legal requirement that before licensing a private school, it has fulfilled the requirements under the law which will among other involve having facilities that can accommodate autism children. Encouraged To handle children with autism, private schools will be encouraged to liaise with their district education coordinators where they can get qualified teachers. In the event they get the teachers from the ministry, the teachers will be paid by the government if they are providing services solely to children with autism. Range of implications When the facility policy has been enacted, the government through the ministry of education will have the responsibility of ensuring that all private schools currently registered have the facilities. For newly registered schools, it will become a law that they need to have the facilities before getting the operating license. The policy will increase the accessibility of educ ation to children with disability; they will be accommodated by the education system prevailing in the county/district. Social interaction and breeding together of autism children and intellectually upright children boosts understanding and social interaction among them. The end is a society well blend and integrated. The United States government has the yearly license renewal of private schools as the weapon to enforce compliance with the policy. In the event that a certain private school has been found not to be complying with the policy, its operating license will not be renewed. Renewal will only be affected when the school has complied and a fine equal to the amount used on compliance charged as fine of non compliance. The ministry of education will have the responsibility of enforcing, evaluating, and revising the policy as required by the law.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How the policy will meet the needs of your constituencies Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) require that children with disability be accommodated in normal education system, the act makes to a right that the children should be educated and assisted to develop their intellectualism. With the new policy, there will be an increased access to education facilities to autism children; with high access, children will more likely get quality education. Other than the students, parent will have peace of mind as their children can be educated at the nearest school whether public or private; with the ruling of Supreme Court ruling in the Forest Grove School District v. T.A. case in June 2009, parents will have the chance to be reimbursed the expenses they incur with their autism children in private schools, this will boost their economic situation. Another group that is likely to benefit are intellectually up-right children, they will get a chance to interact and learn way of life of autism children. The learning is important for bonding and forming a well integrated community (Brownell, Sindelar, Kiely Danielson, 2010). Risk level of adopting and implementing your policy When enacting a new policy in any field, there are hick-ups and challenges that need to be addressed. The policy is likely to get high resistance from private schools operators who are likely to feel that their right to capitalism and free business has been interfered with by the government. The private schools association body is likely to offer counter statement and rules in the efforts to ensure the policy fails to be implemented. The costs that will be borne by the government are likely to affect the development in the country. There is the risk of shifting focus from intellectually up-right children who are likely to have more capacity than the autistic ones (Brownell, Sindelar, Kiely Danielson, 2010). How adopting this Policy will affect your leadership responsibilities When the policy has been adopted, it will call for the co-operation of the government, parents, and private schools administrations. School head when making decisions and strategies for their schools will consider the presence of autism children in their facilities; this will affect decisions like human resources planning and facility developments. Schools heads will need to have effective school-system accommodation and modification procedures to facilitate smooth learning of children with autism. References Brownell, M., Sindelar, P., Kiely, M., Danielson, L. (2010). Special Education Teacher Quality and Preparation: Exposing Foundations, Constructing a New Model. Exceptional Children, 76(3), 357. Hines, T. (2008). Making Collaboration Work in Inclusive High School Classrooms Recommendations for Principals. Intervention in School and Clinic 43 (5): 277–282.

Equity and Common Law Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity and Common Law Master - Essay Example When the common law developed the strictures of the writ system through the twelfth and thirteen centuries and failed to develop further remedies. By thirteen century aggrieved litigants to petition to the chancellor to find a more just solution to their problem. Chancellor was trying to give relief in hard cases, and the medieval chancellor was peculiarly well fitted for this work. Chancellor was usually an ecclesiastic. If the petition was successful, the chancellor's conclusion would usually be different from that which the common law court would have reached; otherwise the matter would have been litigant at common law. As a consequence of growth of these petitions, the Court of Chancery had developed, where the decisions were made on the basis of fairness and reason. Thus the notion of 'equity' was established as a precise jurisdiction. The common law tradition grew in to the ELS3 through a long process of rationalization of traditions, customs and local practices among other different elements most occurring in the medieval time. The Anglo-Saxon customs were there before the Norman Conquest, but afterwards were joined with Royal Justice in a consolidation of 'local laws' and a vast body of judicial decisions have been built up which forms much of the present law. The common law has developed by the judges during the centuries immediately after the Norman Conquest. Customs have long influence since ceased to be any major significance in forming new laws. Slapper, G. and D. Kelly (2006) said that the common law system develops whereby a civil dispute had to be brought before the appropriate Royal Court by a writ. A claimant could only sue at common law if his complaint came within the scope of an existing writ. In the thirteen century available writs covered very narrow ground. Even if the claim came within the scope of an existing writ, it may have been that for some reason, such as the power and influence of the defendant, his opponent could not get justice before a common law court. Latter the petition was used to obtain relief in cases where the common law was inflexible and incapable of providing a remedy. Hanbury & Martin (2005) argued that the common law developed into a comprehensive system, but a litigant could only sue at common law if his complaint came within the scope of an existing writ. However, the systems quickly become rigid because judges, fearing a flood at actions as a result of the popularity of the royal justice , stopped issuing new forms of action. As a result, this attitude proved to be a majored obstacle to the development of new rules and principles. Initially this overlapping of the two systems led to conflict. The common law courts would make an order in favour of one party and the Court of Chancery would make an order in favour of other party. This conflict was finally resolved in the Earl of Oxford's case4 when the King ruled that equity should prevail. In this case the court of common law ordered the payment of a debt. The debt had already been paid, but the deed giving rise to the obligation had not been cancelled. The court of equity was prepared to grant an order prevent in this and rectifying the deed. Some limited steps were taken

Comments on DQ1 and DQ2,KS and CH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comments on DQ1 and DQ2,KS and CH - Essay Example If a firm faces liquidity problem they can liquidate the investment portfolio of common stocks and turn it into cash instantly. Corporations invest in stock market to generate money from dividend income and to obtain equity appreciation. During the last 10 years the average return on stocks was 3.5% (Soundmoneymatters, 2011). DQ2 The fair market value argument is something that accountants have pondered for a long time. One would assume that the fair market value of a stock should be the absolute law when accounting for equity investment since the market value is the price that everyone uses when selling or buying a particular stock. The problem is that accountants must keep in mind the conservatism principle and the historical cost principle. In my opinion the best accounting practice is to value a common stock investment at historical cost independent of the fluctuations in market price of a stock. If a company does not intend on selling a stock in the near future the market value has no relevance. Making adjustments based on market value would be a troublesome task for accountants. At the moment that a company decides to sell a stock a company will either achieve a loss or gain based on the difference between historical cost and market value. References Soundmoneymatters.com (2011).

Public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Public health - Essay Example It also aims at providing outstanding programs to its clients (Phi, 2012). The organization identifies chronic diseases as a major factor to mortality rate and major cause of disability. â€Å"Cancer, diabetes, and asthma† are its major identified chronic diseases that are also associated with ethnicity and people’s level of income. This identifies consideration social elements such as â€Å"poverty, education, access to care and local community environment† as initial measures to controlling the chronic diseases. In its role in the public health sector, the organization has initiated social interventions such as â€Å"disease surveillance, capacity building, research, evaluation, policy advocacy, and leadership development† for controlling the diseases (Phi, 2012, p. 1). One of the organization’s blogs is the call for support following the experienced hurricane sandy. The blog effectively communicates its appeal for donation of material commodities such as food, as well as social support. It also calls for blood donation towards managing the victims’ conditions (Phi, 2012). Mortality defines the rate of deaths in a subject area and is measured in units per 100000 people in a population. In a considered set of data between the year 2006 and 2008, San Francisco registered a mortality rate of about 601 deaths per 100000 people. A review of the city’s mortality rate also indicates variability by ethnicity. Death rates among African Americans were for example the highest at a value of 1302 per 100000 people. Whites, Latinos, and the other races with rates of 724, 535 and 446 deaths per 100000 populations respectively followed this (Health, 2012). The city’s trend in mortality rate by ethnic groups corresponds to the Public Institute’s report that chronic diseases prevalence is dependent on social factors. It can

Asthma and the Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT)

Asthma and the Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) Introduction Lung disease is any pathology that occurs in the lung components and causes the lungs not to function properly and this may lead to serious problems that may cause death. They are considered the third killing factor worldwide. Lung diseases include emphysema , bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis and pulmonary embolism. These diseases have the following signs and symptoms which are coughing , dyspnea, short breaths, noisy breath sound, fever, chest pain , and using accessory muscle of the neck which include scalene, upper trapezium and sternocleidmastoid muscles. The common causes of these lung diseases are smoking, infections, and genetics factors (Simon,2000) .Treatment of lung disease includes medications like corticosteroid, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and physical therapy that will give patients breathing exercises. One of the most common chronic obstructive disease, is bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is the fifth reason for hospitalized worldwide. Physiotherapists used to treat bronchial asthma patients who have hyperventilation symptoms using breathing exercises known as buteyko breathing technique (BBT) in additional to bronchial asthma therapy.(Bishop,2007) Background Professor Konstantin Buteyko was a Russian physiologist (1932-2003) , who gave his name to a treatment for bronchial asthma patients. The whole idea started in 1960s when he came with the idea that shallow breathing is going to help patients who suffer from hyperventilation like bronchial asthma and stenocardia. He suggested that hyperventilation lead to decrease the amount of blood that is going to alveoli and low- level of CO2 lead to bronchoconstriction which increase hyperventilation. (Bishop,2007) Literature Review Robert L. and other on 2007 tried to evaluate the efficiency of a non -pharmacological intervention Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) in patients with asthma with their corticosteroid medication consumption. The design of the study was a randomized control trail of buteyko technique involving 182 subject divided into group of adult with asthma their age ranged from 18-50 years old. While the control group was trained by physiotherapy for relaxation breathing technique. The main results measures by level of asthma control, defined by composite score based on Canadian asthma consensus reported 6 months after completion of intervention. The consequences show that both groups had related enhancement and a high amount with asthma control six months after accomplishment of the intervention. In the Buteyko group the degree with asthma control increased from 40% to 79% percent and in the control group from 44% to 72%. The main conclusion that six month after completion of the intervention, a large majority of subject in each group shown control of their asthma with the additional benefits of lessening in inhaled corticosteroid use in buteyko group.(Robert, 2007) McHugh on 2003 made a study to evaluate the impact of buteyko breathing technique (BBT) on medication consumption in asthma patients. The method used is a blinded randomized control trail comparing BBT with medication control . It was directed over 38 people with asthma aged between 18-70 years. Members were followed for six months. Medication use and tempts of ventilator function were recorded. The results exhibited that BBT group shown a lessening in inhaled steroid use of 50% only and beta-agonist use 85% after six month from intervention. In the control group there was no significant outcomes. The main conclusion that BBT is a safe and effective for asthma controlling for it is sign and symptoms. BBT has clinical and potential pharm-economics benefits that must have advance studies.(McHugh, 2003) Cooper and his colleges in 2003 completed a study to compare the effect of two breathing exercises which they are buteyko and pranayma which is a yoga breathing method for bronchial asthma patients. This study involve 90 grown-ups who complain of asthma and control it by using medications. They were divided into three groups First group follow buteyko breathing technique ,the second group use a pranayma which is a yoga technique and the last group were the placebo group. Result measure used are symptoms score level , bronchial hyper reaction, medication used, forced expiratory volume before and after buteyko technique. The results showed that ( p=0.003) were the mean for buteyko group and bronchodilator uses have been lessened by two puffs/day after 6 month of practicing buteyko technique while there was no change in the mean in the other two groups. There wasnt difference in the forced expiratory volume or even volume to reduce inhaled corticosteroids. The main conclusion that BBT c an recover symptoms and lessen bronchodilator use but doesnt seem to change bronchial responsiveness or lung function in patients with asthma.(Cooper, 2003) Anatomy of Respiratory System When we breathe air it go through nose to the lower respiratory tract. The advantage of nose breathing is that when air passes through the nose it will be moisturizer, heated and cleaned from any dust. After that air moves to larynx to go into trachea. Trachea is a sensitive structure because if any cold or dry air go into it , this will cause coughing and wheezing as normal interaction to these irritation .After that air moves from the trachea to the lung through the bronchi which are entered in each lung (Figure 1). The lungs are the most important part of human respiratory system. The right lung is divided into three lobes m while the left lung is divided into two lobes. Both lungs are protected by the chest wall. In the lung small air sacs known as alveoli . Then the gases exchanged from the alveoli to the blood stream through small blood vessels known as capillaries. On the other hand , the body waste CO2 returns to the capillaries to be exhaled during breathing. Healthy bronchi al tubes make rapid gases exchange to maintain unchanged level of O2 and CO2 in the blood stream. The outer surface of bronchi is surrounded with smooth muscles that contract , relax in smooth rapid way in each breath. This process will maintain the required amount of air that is needed to go into lung tissues for normal gases exchange. This process of contraction and relaxation of muscles in controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic of nerves system.(Gerard J,2005) What is Bronchial Asthma One of the most common chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammation of lung airways that leads to swelling and narrowing of them. The results of this narrowing is difficulty in breathing. The narrowing of airways may be total or partial and can be reversed with treatments. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common diseases , it affect one in every 15 adults in United states of America. It is known to cause physiologically reversible or total obstruction or narrowing to air . Pathologically this will increase thickening of airways because of inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Also narrowing of airways maybe due to swelling which is caused by immune response to allergic materials. (Gerard J,2005) Causes of Bronchial Asthma The main cause of bronchial asthma is inflammation of lung airways that is increased by the increase of irritable stimulations such as dust, vapor, humid weather, cold air, smoke , air pollutions, and fumes.(Gerard J, 2005) Sign and Symptoms of Bronchial Asthma Bronchial asthma have major sign and symptoms that are diverse depending on the severity of the disease. These signs and symptoms include wheezing that is defined as a whistling , hissing sound when exhaling air. Prolonged Coughing, that is usually at night not as good as at early morning, and may occur after workout or when unprotected against cold or dry air. Fast breathing is another symptom of bronchial asthma because fewer air reaches the lungs which is the reasons fast breathing to make up the insufficiency. Another symptoms is the usage of accessory muscle of neck and upper shoulder. Palpitation is another symptoms which is caused by as an asthma attack become worse the airways forceful air through the narrow airways become harder. Muscles of your trunk start to help. This is seen in motion (Figure 3) of the esophagus (2), and sucking in of the abdominal just under the breast bone (5) and among the ribs (4) with each breath leading to heart palpitation. As a response to less a ir passing through inflamed airways that will cause body to do more strength to move air and due to that heart starts to contract faster (3).( Gerard , 2005) Prevention of Bronchial Asthma Bronchial asthma can be prevented by following these strategies: Always check with medical physician for treatment plan to mange signs and symptoms for bronchial asthma . Know the trigger of asthma to be avoided such as pollen air and cold air . Always monitor their breathing type so that they can recognize early symptoms of asthma attack that include coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath. Quickly treat of bronchial asthma attack with immediate taking of medications prescribed and stopping the activity that may be the cause to trigger the attack. (Sue ,2002) Treatment of Bronchial Asthma Bronchial asthma can be treated by different types of medications like corticosteroids, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and by physical therapy. One of the important technique that help patients to control signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma is the Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) .( Sue , 2002) What is Buteyko Breathing Technique Buteyko technique is a breathing regulator technique to reduce minute ventilation besides inhibit hyperventilation to treat bronchial asthma as an alternative approach ,besides to the drugs used. Buteyko technique needs that breathing originates from diaphragm not mouth. The main purpose while practicing buteyko breathing style is to breath in a very controlled and shallow manner without holding in the air like your last breath, it should be a gentle rhythm of breathing in and out.(Bruton,2003) Preparation For Buteyko Breathing Technique Before starting the Buteyko Breathing technique session the physiotherapist should first takes patient pulse per minute and ability to exhale through Forced Expiratory Spiro-meter and measure the blood pressure and check if the patient have any health problems that may be contraindicated to buteyko breathing technique. Also it is important to take full medical history of management of patient bronchial asthma that usually includes hospital admission , consultant referrals and type of medication taken and their dosage. Also check if patient take other medication for other medical conditions. Physiotherapist should also check main signs and symptoms that affecting the patients daily work as if climbing stairs that increase shortness of breath to the patient. After that physiotherapist should inform bronchial asthma patient that buteyko session can be practiced three to five times a day . Before starting buteyko breathing technique session the physiotherapist should educate patient that this technique focus on breathing from the nose, so that nose clearness exercises should be given before starting session (Figure 5). The nose clearance exercises include pinching the nose gently and then move head forward and backward. Usually starting position will be sitting on chair without armrest after that progress to lying supine and finally to make patient adapt to this technique to be practiced in all active daily living of patients life, like climbing stairs. (kellet,2005) Steps of Buteyko Breathing Technique The Procedure of Buteyko Breathing Techniques is characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Close your mouth and breathe from the nose to get all the advantages mention before of nose breathing. (Figure 6).This step may be hard to be followed in the beginning but with practice it became easier with training. Step 2 : Use diaphragm to during breathing in and out , when patients practice breathing using diaphragm they should take in consideration to eliminate using of accessory muscle of neck and upper chest . (Figure 7). Step 3: Measure control pause for bronchial asthma patient , which is the time that patient able to grasp the nose and avoid air entry until the first feel of needing to re-breath again in the same way and pattern . ( Figure8) can be measure using stop watch. Step 4: Sit in an upright position and reduce breath for around 2 3 minutes, after that bronchial asthma patient will take short rest for 20-30 second and followed by another reduce breathing period for 3 minute followed by short rest again. Step 5: After the last short rest ,the physiotherapists check the final control pause again to check progress in amount of time patient able to hold breath. Usually in first session patient will able to increase time of control pause 2-3 seconds.(Oliver, 2009) Physiological Effects of Buteyko Breathing Technique During an asthma attack people start to panic and breath faster more than body demands. They actually over breathe because they are breathing so rapidly that causes the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood to fall too low. The body responds to that by causing the airways of the lungs to become tighter which leads to decrease inhaled air in each breathe which is shown when bronchial asthma patients trying to breathe harder. This technique will help to break this negative feedback cycle by educating bronchial asthma patients to breath in a shallow way and this will lead to decrease the amount of air that reach lung during breathing. Another benefit is increasing tolerance of body for higher levels of carbon dioxide in your blood.(Oliver,2009) Who will benefit from Buteyko Breathing Technique Buteyko breathing technique is suitable for bronchial asthma patients and some other conditions that lead to hyperventilation such as hay fever , which is allergic and inflammation due to dust , rhinitis which is also known as stuffy nose that happen due to inflammation of inner nose parts. Buteyko breathing technique can be included also for nose congestion, panic attack, resent heart, persistent cough, bronchitis, snoring and last for COPD patients .(Oliver,2009) Contraindications for Buteyko Breathing Technique Patients with these conditions will not be able to practice BBT even if they have bronchial asthma or any other condition that lead to hyperventilation . These conditions include kidney failure specially if patient on dialysis, current organ transplant, previous brain hemorrhage, recent heart attack or stroke, cardiac peacemaker device, active stomach ulcer, pregnancy, schizophrenia, uncontrolled high blood pressure, any current cancer treatment, sickle- cell anemia and sever emphysema with heart failure. (Oliver,2009) Conclusions Asthma is a common lung disease around the world and usually patients suffer from a lot of sign and symptoms like attacks of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing that may affect their quality of life so that it need pharmacological agents to control it beside non-pharmacological techniques of pulmonary rehab such as buteyko technique. Buteyko breathing technique is a complementary method that proven it is effectiveness to control breathing in hyperventilation cases such as asthma and improve their quality of life, level of exercises, and forced respiratory volume. There are five core components of the buteyko breathing technique that they are the nose breathin , relax upper muscles, use diaphragm breathing, small gentle breaths and maintain good posture. The buteyko exercises can be done 3-5 times a day and it need committed for these exercises and make lifestyle changes, to be able to use fewer medication.

New System Proposal Essay

I feel that a business requirement would drive the projects creation and use because this will help the company, business, or organization deliver to provide value. There are many ways such has products, systems, software, and processes are the ways how to deliver or meet the business requirement. First you would need to set some goals for the business, company, or organization these needs need to be visualiable to the eye. So everyone can see them. Secondly you would need to come up with some proposals on how the company, business, or organization will meet the goal that they have set. You and the team should set an agenda to work on so you and the team can have the proper documentation for the goals that you have made for the business, company, or organization. Always notify the proper people about the goals that you set , that way no one can say that they did not know about the goals.Always leave room for feedback from others in your requirements and a flowchart that will be good to have to present along with the requirements, People get a better understanding of what is being said if they have something to look at, this will show what is expected and what have been achieve. But always keep in mind that different projects requirement call for different requirements example small projects are usually simple and easy to create, large projects may need extra care and mastery to be able to present a quality requirement.There are four prerequisites the first is the project charter and second is the current environment assessment which should include a start and end point, level two and three process functions, define areas of rework and non value added steps, cycle time capacity and rework information for each process step as available and baseline for each CTO for the current environment. Third is the measure phrase the the current measures that includes a definition of how the product services characteric is to be quantified target/nominal is the aim of the ser vices specification limits is what the customer will allow in the delivery of services or product of service. Allowable defect rate is how often a service or product will be produce for a business, company, or organazation. Fourth is the target environment assessment that has the following categories people, systems, systems/people and fishbone. The business requirement can be a success or a failure for your business, company, or organization that depends on how work to succeed with the goals that you made in order for your business, company, or organization . Who makes goals and not strive for success. Reference en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Business-requirement. docs.oracle.com/cd/E19199-01/817-5759/bus-analysis.html.

Motivation in Supervision

The term motivation is derived from the Latin verb movere (to move). The idea of movement is reflected in such commonsense ideas about motivation as something that gets us going, keeps us moving, and helps us get jobs done. Conversely, we know we are not motivated when we cannot seem to get out of bed or off the sofa.Despite these commonly held ideas, definitions of motivation are numerous and varied, and there is much disagreement over the precise nature of motivation. Although there is disagreement about the precise nature of motivation, this paper offer a general definition of motivation that is consistent with the cognitive focus of this paper on learners’ thoughts and beliefs and hat captures the elements considered by most researchers and practitioners to be central to motivation. Motivation is the process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained.Motivation involves goals that provide impetus for and direction to action. Cognitive views of motivation ar e united in their emphasis on the importance of goals. Goals may not be well formulated and may change with experience, but the point is that individuals have something in mind that they are trying to attain (or avoid).Motivation requires activity—physical or mental. Physical activity entails effort, persistence, and other overt actions. Mental activity includes such cognitive actions as planning, rehearsing, organizing, monitoring, making decisions, solving problems, and assessing progress. The activities that students engage in are geared toward attaining their goals.Finally, we highlight that motivated activity is both instigated and sustained. Starting toward a goal is important and often difficult because it involves making a commitment to change and taking the first step. But motivational processes are critically important to sustain action. Many major goals are long-term, for example, earning a college degree, obtaining a good job, and saving money for retirement. Much of what we know about motivational processes comes from studying how people respond to the difficulties, problems, failures, and setbacks they encounter as they pursue goals over time.II. DiscussionA. Motivation Research paradigmsResearchers employ different research paradigms to investigate motivational processes. For example, there is a distinction between correlational and experimental studies. Correlational research deals with relations that exist between variables. A researcher may hypothesize that motivation is positively correlated with (related to) perceived capabilities such that the more confidence individuals have in their learning abilities, the higher is their motivation. To test this relation, the researcher might measure individuals’ perceived capabilities and their motivation as demonstrated on a task. The researcher could statistically correlate the perceived capability and motivation scores to determine the nature and strength of the relation.Pintrich and D e Groot (2000a) conducted a correlational study that explored the relations among motivational, cognitive, and academic performance variables. The motivational beliefs component assessed three factors: self-efficacy, (perceptions of capabilities), intrinsic value (importance), and test anxiety. The learning strategies component comprised two factors: cognitive strategy use and self-regulation.Correlations among intrinsic value, self-efficacy, strategy use, and self-regulation were positive and significant. Test anxiety showed a significant, negative correlation with self-efficacy; correlations of test anxiety with all other variables were nonsignificant.The researchers also computed correlations among these five variables and measures of academic performance: in-class seatwork and homework, quizzes and tests, essays and reports, grades. Intrinsic value, self-efficacy, and self-regulation correlated positively with academic measures except performance measures; strategy use correlate d positively with all academic performance measures; strategy use correlated positively with academic measures except   for seatwork (nonsignificant); test anxiety was negatively correlated with grades and quiz/test scores.This study was correlational because Pintrich and De Groot looked at the existing relations among variables and did not attempt to alter them. The results show that motivational variables relate in important ways to cognitive factors contributing to classroom success (strategy use-self-regulation) and to measures of academic performance.In an experimental study, the researcher actually alters one or more variables and determines the effects on other variables. A researcher interested in the effects of perceived capabilities could conduct an experimental study by systematically altering these perceptions and gauging the effect on individual motivation. For example, the researcher might have a teacher systematically praise love-achieving individuals to raise their perceptions of capabilities and determine if this increase enhances motivation.Schunk (2002) conducted an experimental study that investigated how forms of effort attributional feedback influenced individuals’ achievement outcomes during learning. Individuals in lower years who lacked subtraction skills received instruction and practice opportunities over sessions. While individuals solved problems individually, an adult proctor periodically walked up to each individual and asked on what page in the instructional packet he or she was working.For some individuals (prior attribution), after they replied with the page number; the proctor linked their progress with effort by remarking, â€Å"You’ve been working hard.† For others (future attribution, the proctor stressed the value of future effort by stating, â€Å"You need to work hard.† Those in third condition (monitoring) were queried but the proctor departed without comment after the individual replied. Individuals in a fourth (control) condition were not monitored.This study was an experiment because Schunk altered the type of feedback individuals received and looked to see whether differential effects on achievement outcomes resulted. Schunk hypothesized, that prior attribution would be the most effective because it supports individuals’ perceptions of their progress in acquiring skills and conveys that they can continue to improve through effort. This prediction was supported.Prior-attribution individuals outperformed individuals in the other conditions on measures of self-efficacy and subtraction skill. Prior-attribution individuals also displayed higher motivation than did future-attribution and control individuals as assessed by the amount of problem solving during the independent practice portions of the sessions. The results of this study suggest that it is better to link individuals’ past success to effort than to stress the future benefits of hard work.Each type of research has advantages and disadvantages. Correlational research helps clarify relations among variables. Correlational findings often suggest directions for experimental research. The positive correlation obtained by Pintrich and De Groot between intrinsic value and academic performance suggests further research exploring whether increasing intrinsic value leads to higher achievement. A disadvantage of correlational research is that it cannot identify cause and effect. The positive correlation between intrinsic value and academic performance could mean that (a) intrinsic value affects academic performance, (b) academic performance influences intrinsic value, (c) intrinsic value and academic performance are each influenced by other, unmeasured variables (e.g., home factors).Experimental research can clarify cause-effect relations. By systematically varying type of feedback and eliminating other variables as potential causes, Schunk (2002) could specify how changes in attrib utional feedback affect achievement outcomes. Clarifying causal relations helps us understand the nature of motivation. At the same time, experimental research is often narrow is scope. Researchers typically vary only a few variables and try to hold all others constant, which is difficult to do and somewhat unrealistic.B. Qualitative/Interpretative ResearchIn recent years, another type of paradigm has gained currency among researchers. The theories and methods used are referred to various labels, including qualitative, ethnographic, participant observation, phenomenological, constructivist, and interpretative (Erickson, 2003).   These approaches differ from one another characterized by intensive study, descriptions of events, and interpretation of meanings. Such a research model is not new in the social sciences, but only recently has it been applied increasingly in supervision.Interpretative research is especially useful when researchers are interested in the structure of events rather than their overall distributions, when the meanings and perspectives of individuals are important, when actual experiments are impractical or unethical, and when there is a desire to search for new potential causal linkages that have not been unearthed by experimental methods, (Erickson, 2003).Moreover, qualitative/interpretive research yields rich sources of data that are much more intensive and thorough than those typically obtained in correlational or experimental research. This research paradigm also has the potential of raising new questions and new slants on old questions that often are missed by traditional methods. Because this approach is not concerned with the aggregation of usable knowledge for teaching practice, it is not a means for providing practical answers to teaching problems (Shulman, 2004).Studies usually are conducted with few participants, which raise the issue of whether findings are reliable and representative of the population being studied. Another c oncern is that if researchers do not attempt to interpret data in light of a theoretical framework, findings may not seem linked and interpretation may prove difficult. Nonetheless, as a research model, this tradition has provided much valuable data in the study of motivation, and its influence will continue to grow.III. ConclusionIn conclusion and in addition to the differences among experimental, correlational, and qualitative research, another distinction exists between laboratory studies conducted in controlled settings and field studies conducted where was conducted in laboratories using such infrahuman species as cats, dogs, and rats. Such research was appropriate given the influence of conditioning theories which contended that common processes occurred in animals and humans and that controlled experiments could help isolate these processes and eliminate extraneous influences. Motivation research also has employed human subjects in controlled laboratory environments. With the increasing emphasis on schooling and other applied settings, however; most current research is conducted in field settings. The Pintrich and De Groot (2000a), and Schunk (2002) studies are examples of field studies.Reference:1.Pintrich, P.R. & De Groot, E. (2000a). Individual differences in early adolescents’ motivation and self-regulated learning. Journal of early Adolescence, 14, 139-161.2.Schunk, D.H. (2002). Extended attributional feedback: Sequence effects during remedial reading instruction. Journal of Early Adolescence, 6, 55-66.3.Erickson, F. (2003). Qualitative methods in research on supervision. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.), Handbook research on supervision (3rd ed., pp. 119-161). New York: Macmillan.4.Shulman, L.S. (2004).   Paradigms and research programs in the study of teachings: A contemporary perspective. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.) Handbook of research on supervision (3rd) ed., pp. 3-36). New York: Macmillan.

Free Essays on On Becoming A Person ( Carl Rogers)

from pages eleven and twelve, â€Å" i... Free Essays on On Becoming A Person ( Carl Rogers) Free Essays on On Becoming A Person ( Carl Rogers) On Becoming A Person ( Carl Rogers) Being a creature of habit I feel the need to do an introduction to my paper. Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois. It was his ideas and clinical results published in â€Å"On Becoming a Person† and other books that made him a such well-known figure in American psychology. Rogers established client-centered psychotherapy and opened up the development of scientific methods for studying psychotherapeutic outcomes and processes. Rogers was the first therapist to record and transcribe therapy sessions verbatim, a now standard .practice. He was the first, to propose a comprehensive theory about psychotherapy its self. Neither the Bible nor the prophets neither Freud nor research neither the revelations of God nor man can take precedence over my own direct experience. This quote alone would intrigue me to read this book. Rogerian psychology has filled our American out look on life in general for the past fifty years. While reading this I very muc h kept this fact in mind. Some of his theories has not brought forth the expected Rogerian fruit. Others if they have brought forth fruit of any kind, from the condition of our society, I’d say it back fired in a big way. One example being, there are now more people in our prison system than in any other country in the world. In chapter one Rogers simply tells who he perceives himself to be. How he got to his conceptions, and what his personal accomplishments are. There were three incidents he feels influenced his formulations of his psychological views. First, living with his failures and successes in a hands on environment in his every day work experience. Next he found interview techniques aren’t always reliable in every instance or circumstance. Last but not least, he learned when to quit, that it is possible to lose a battle and still win the war. Or in Rodgers words from pages eleven and twelve, â€Å" i...

The battle of little bighorn essays

The battle of little bighorn essays George A. Custer and the Army would have/could have won the Battle of Little Bighorn if they didnt spread out their men, followed orders, and arrived at the Little Bighorn River at the same time. The Battle of Little Bighorn began on June 25, 1876, because the Native Americans where tried of having to move all the time for White men, so they decided to take a stance and fight for their land. The Sioux and Cheyenne joined together in Montana to fight, lead by the great leader, Sitting Bull. George Armstrong Custer perhaps could have beaten the Indians if he didnt spread out all his regiments. Custer divided his force into 3 smaller ones and sent them off to different people. One of the 3 forces went to Captain Frederick Benteen to prevent the Indians from escaping up the upper valley of the Little Bighorn River. Now because of the split Custer was left with only 556 troops compared to the 1,000 or so men he would have had. If Custer didnt divided his men up he could have put up a long, mean battle against the Indians. George Custer could have won the battle if he had followed orders and didnt make rash decides. When Custer and his men where making their way along to the Sioux village along the Little Bighorn River, Custer spotted about 40 Indian warriors. Custer thought that those Indian warriors where scouts of the Sioux village and hastily decided to attack the Sioux village right away. Because of this hast attack, Custer did not realize what terrain he had to go through to attack the Native Americans, giving the Indians an advantage. If Custer followed the orders given by the Army he could have made better decisions which could have saved his life and his mens life. The Army would have won the Battle of Little Bighorn if all the cavalrys reached the Sioux village at the same time. George Custer and Marcus Renos men where the only ones who made it t ...

Strategic Analysis of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Analysis of Apple Inc - Essay Example Purpose of the essay is to analyze the strategies Apple Inc. used in their business to serve as a guide and inspiration to entrepreneurs who want to start their own business. As shown in the data analysis, Apple Computer used marketing strategies that gave the company a definite competitive advantage over its large competitors. The company devoted a lot of resources and used the innovative skills and technical competence of its personnel to become one of the largest computer companies in the world. Its mission and vision have been rightly tracked to its operations and have guided the company. The company is facing lawsuits on unethical business behaviors, but the researcher believes that they have not violated any unethical behavior because of the protection of patent law. However, as a public corporation, it is their corporate responsibility to serve a great number of people that will in turn contribute to the profitability of the company in the long run. As the company derives its success from its personnel, motivation and rewards should be given. The recommended rewards are bonus and profit sharing plus non monetary rewards. Mergers and acquisitions are recommended to establish long term growth and strengthen position in the market. It is also concluded by the researcher that at the moment the biggest problem of Apple is the fierce competition in the industry, that companies resort to merger and acquisition to compete globally as globalization presents a wide opportunity for computer companies.

What role did colonial trade play in the development of London Essay

What role did colonial trade play in the development of London - Essay Example Britain is known to have colonized some of the world’s biggest economies and nations including America, Australia and most parts of Africa. Out of this, Britain gained total economic and political control over most countries who served as British colonies. By and large, these countries invested heavily into the entire development of Britain – particular London. This essay is thus dedicated to scrutinizing some of the major means by which London’s development was affected: positively and negatively by the colonial trade. How the early profits from the slave trade developed the industrial revolution It has remained common knowledge and taught throughout British schools that â€Å"during the 1800s the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Britain.† ... unskilled slaves were not on regular salary taken by unskilled British, they were also made to work overtime in most of the times that they were called to duty. The second way that the slaves were used by the industries is that they were given rapid training to take up ‘semi-skilled’ tasks. These semi-skilled tasks were not typically bookish but had to do with supervision over unskilled labourers. As discussed earlier, these slaves were not taking normal salary and as such saved the industries a lot of expenditure. Again, the slaves were made to work far beyond normal working hours and thus improved productivity. The improvement in productivity that was recorded in most industries saw London and Britain record major industrial growth. This eventually brought about what came to be known as industrial revolution, which was a major turning point in London’s development. East and West India Company, their business dealings and profits The East and West India Company w ere seen as the backbone of London’s development in the colonial days. Surprisingly, the company still plays very vital role in the economy of London and the world at large. As noted by The East India Company (2011), â€Å"without The Company our world would not be as it is today.† This is not a mere publicity talk when discussion is being made of companies, whose dealings and profits indeed were visible in the transformation of London’s economy and entire development. As a company that received the recognition of the Queen of England through the Royal Charter, much was expected from the company right from the unset. Hopefully and true to expectation, the company’s dealings and general business structure ensured that the company recorded major trade gains and initiations such as the establishment of

Ethical Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Integrity - Essay Example There are people who have been subjected to situations of life and death but they ended up not betraying their ethical and moral convictions. Such are the people who have what is termed as ethical integrity. Having said this, this paper aims to prove the fact hat there is no excuse or/and reason for going against or betraying morals, ethics, convictions or ethical integrity. Ethical and moral standards hold this world together in peace. Imagine if there were no standards of demeanor; then people would behave anyway anyhow. There will be chaos everywhere. But now thanks to the ethical and moral standards, as yardsticks to measure and rate behavior and conduct, peace and order is possible. Imagine a world where everyone subscribed to highest possible ethical integrity; it would be basically a paradise where there is no hypocrisy and problems are honestly and objectively handled without reservation. Indeed there will only be the truth and this truth will set the mortals free. Truthfulness and honesty are the core pillars that describe integrity and without these in every thought, word and deed, then there is no integrity at all except for hypocrisy. At some points, integrity has been described as doing the right things more especially when no one is watching you and that is exactly what it is (Carter, 1996). Integrity is defined as the strict devotion to the ethical principles. It may as well be termed as the unassailability of moral character or simply as honesty. Honesty is equal to integrity only when there is consistency and this kind of honesty is reminiscent in every level of being: thoughts, words and deeds. The synonyms of integrity are words like probity, goodness, decency, virtue, honor, godliness etc. The opposite of integrity is simply dishonesty, deceit, corruption, hypocrisy and fraudulence among others. All these are used to enable a deeper understanding and appreciation of the concept of integrity and more especially ethical integrity. More often than not, integrity and ethics are tied. When one talks about integrity, ethics is implied and vice versa. Ethics, according to the American Heritage Dictionary (2000), is construed to refer to the set of principles that govern behavior or simply the regulations or principles that govern the demeanor of a person or the membership of a profession such as law or medicine. This explains why we have things like medical ethics, law ethics etc. The code of conduct that guides people in their professions is often referred to as professional ethics. Such ethics are often based on carefully considered principles of truthfulness, accuracy and respect for human rights and dignity. Morality also guides the enactment of these ethics. Ethics as already mentioned is everywhere. Think of any profession or situation, ethics will still apply. We have ethics in medicine, in church, in school, in law, in business etc. Ethics is everywhere. The fact that these ethics do exist doesn't necessari ly mean that they are all the time adhered to. They are most of the time contravened more than they can be adhered to and this is what differentiates people in every profession or situation. There are those who will adhere and those who will dare not to. Such people or their behaviors which do not agree

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay In my answer I will be talking about my ideas on the themes, styles, and images in the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop. Elizabeth Bishop was born on the 8th of February 1911 in Worcester, Massachusetts. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother, in shock, was sent to a mental hospital for five years. They were separated in 1916 until her mother finally died in 1934. She was raised by her grandparents in Nova Scotia. There are four main themes in the poetry of Bishop. These include nature, childhood, domesticity/motherhood, and the resilience of the human spirit. The two poems I will be discussing about in my answer related to the following themes are ‘Sestina’ and ‘The Filling Station’. The two themes I will be discussing about are domesticity and childhood. The first poem I will be discussing on is ‘Sestina’. The theme in ‘Sestina’, which I will be discussing, is childhood and domesticity. In ‘Sestina’ Bishop is looking back at her childhood in a child’s perspective. The use of the third person voice in Sestina blends the poets adult perspective with the childs. A sestina is a seven stanza poem with 6 lines in every stanza except for the last one, where there are only three. If we look at the last word in every line of the first stanza we realize that house, almanac, stove, grandmother, child, and almanac are used over and over again as the last word of every line, except the last stanza where there are two words in every line. The reason why Elizabeth Bishop titled her poem after the form it was written in was because she wanted the reader to understand the way a child sees. A child rearranges things until it makes sense, the way the words are rearranged over and over again. In stanza five of the child is drawing a picture. The picture is an outlet of the child’s emotion. I think this is a great way of doing so, after all a picture tells a thousand words. The picture the child draws therefore reflects truly what the child dreams of, †Å"a rigid house† and â€Å"a man with buttons like tears†. Apparently, this is a complete contrast to the current situation. It is a happy past that she’ll never have again. It is the bitter mirror image of the present and the past of dream and reality. Although, in the last two stanzas the mood of the poem takes a turn for a brighter theme because of the child’s picture â€Å"†¦little moons fall down like trees from between the pages of the almanac into the flower bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Personally, I take the image of flowers in the rain as a very interesting one. It resembles the silver lining in every cloud and the light at the end of the road. It’s about restoring hope in the face of affliction. This is clearly shown at the beginning of the last stanza. The verse â€Å"time to plant tears, says the almanac† marks the turning point of the poem. It is also at this moment that the child becomes happy, therefore not being completely unhappy. It’s time for the grandmother to bury her tears in the earth and grow hope. The message of the poem is then unveiled: there will be a rainbow after the rain, just as there will always be hope for tomorrow. â€Å"The grandmother sings to the marvellous stove and the child draws another inscrutable house†. The grandmother stops crying and starts to sing, the child stops dwelling on the past and starts to draw the future. The almanac in the poem represents the domestic. Its secular and full of information. We have this domestic scene with a stove a grandmother and a childbut then we have tears. The tears tip the poem towards the absurdity. The child can sense the grandmothers tears even though she is trying to hide it. The child expresses this through the picture she drew if a man with buttons like tears,, and by watching the teakettles small hard tears dance like mad. And in the last stanza where it ends with an inscrutable house, the last thing that should be inscrutable is her house. But in this case there are many symbols and the child is having a difficult time making sense out of things, so even though we have this domestic scene, it isnt really. I think that the tears are from the lack of the grandmothers children, the childs mother. Maybe thats the unspoken reason. The second poem I will be discussing is ‘The Filling Station’. In this poem I will be discussing the theme of domesticity/motherhood. I think it is the domestic details that fascinate the poet in this poem. I think so because the poet seems to write in a lot of detail about the domestic items in the â€Å"little, filling station†. Instead of saying it’s an oily filling station, she describes it further in saying it’s â€Å"oil-soaked, oil-permeated to a disturbing, over-all black translucency†. This is one example of her in-depth detail of the filling station in the poem. The two things in which she goes into extreme detail in are the â€Å"doily† and the â€Å"plant†. She becomes very interested in these two domestic objects because they greatly contrast the atmosphere which the poet saw the filling station to be, â€Å"somebody embroidered the doily. Somebody waters the plant, or oils it maybe.† This shows how interested the poet was in these two objects. I understand the â€Å"somebody† in stanza six to be a caring mother. This may be linked to Bishop’s personal life in that she lost her own mother and is longing for a caring mother figure in her life, or, at least, in her life as a child. The realisation that the mother isn’t to be seen happens gradually as we see that it’s a family filling station and that there is wicker furniture, a woman’s touch surely, but then the sudden realisation floods Bishop in the sixth stanza when she repeats the word â€Å"somebody† again and again. The repetition of â€Å"somebody† appears to be a method of ignoring who this person might be even though the association is obvious. Bishop seems to be hiding from the realisation, reinforcing the thoughts that this is about her own lack of a mother. One of the things I love the most about the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop is the imagery. Elizabeth Bishop is well-known for her ability to take the mundane or most unimportant things in life and use her imagination to change it into something completely out of the ordinary. ‘The Fish’ is a great example of this. Elizabeth Bishop is renowned to write poetry about the beauty of poetry. This poem is not an exception. Bishop merely catches a fish, yet by her imagination and creativity, which is a part of her poetry, she is able to imagine the fish beyond what it is, not only talking about its skin but also talking about its innards and portraying it as a war veteran. In fact, the ending speaks of how Bishop even begins to see the colours of the rainbow. Sad to say, the poem focuses more on poetry itself; it is unlikely the poem is speaking of morality or life and death between herself and the fish. This is what makes it such a great poem. The main thing I like about this poem is the vivid imagery Bishop gives, especially when describing the fish. In this poem, the central image is of the poet holding the fish beside her rented boat. There are three main groups of factual images. The first group contains thirteen physical images of the fish: â⠂¬Ëœtremendous fish†¦ mouth†¦ brown skin †¦ speckled with barnacles†¦ infested with tiny white sea-lice†¦ his gills were breathing in the terrible oxygen†¦ the coarse white flesh the big bones and the little bones†¦ his shiny entrails†¦ the pink swim-bladder†¦ his eyes†¦ mechanism of his jaw†¦ his lower lip’ The second group contains seven factual images of the boat: ‘ beside the boat†¦ the little rented boat†¦ the pool of bilge where oil had spread a rainbow around the rusted engine†¦ to the bailer rusted orange†¦ the sun-cracked thwarts†¦ the oarlocks on their strings†¦ the gunnels†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The third group contains seven factual images of fishing: ‘ my hook fast in a corner of his mouth†¦ five old pieces of fish-line†¦ or four and a wire leader with the swivel still attached†¦ with all their five big hooks grown firmly in his mouth†¦ A green line, frayed at the end where he broke it†¦ two heavier lines†¦ and a fine black thread still crimped from the strain and snap †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Overall, there is a great variety in the imagery used in this poem, which is why I like the imagery in this poem. The writing style of Bishop was very different in comparison to her notable contemporaries such as Robert Lowell and John Berryman. In contrast to their confessional style involving large amounts of self-exposure, Bishops style of writing, though it sometimes involved sparse details from her personal life, was known for its highly detailed and objective, distant point of view and for its necessity on the personal subject matter that the work of her contemporaries involved. In contrast, when Bishop wrote about details and people from her own life, as she did in her story about her childhood and her weeping grandmother in Sestina, she always used discretion. Sestina, in other words, is not personal confession, as the lack of personal names indicates, but representative in the way that a tale is. Along with the persona, the point of view, and the poetic form, the language creates a complex experience for the reader. One sympathizes with the grandmother and the child, sensing sorrow, yearning, and the tensing of the childs effort to be an individual within the sheltering, suffocating domestic scene. Yet one also hears wariness in Bishops telling of their story.

Snow Falling on Cedars Essay -- Snow Falling Cedars Japanese Essays

Snow Falling on Cedars Everyone has experienced prejudice sometime in their life. It has been an undeniable force in society ever since history was recorded. Even the most open-minded people and enlightened organizations can be blamed as being prejudice sometime or another. However, prejudice always takes its toll from these people who form opinions beforehand or without any facts. The novel, Snow Falling On Cedars, take place during a time in which Americans are prejudice towards Japanese people. David Guterson’s novel takes place several years after World War II when hatred towards the Japanese filled Americans’ hearts from the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. During the time period from 1940 to 1955 there was evidence of this hatred and prejudice in internment camps and laws passed against Japanese-Americans. Snow Falling On Cedars has many parallels between the fictional prejudice in the novel and the factual prejudice of the time period. There are many examples of prejudice towards the Japanese from 1940-1955. These examples of prejudice were based on hatred from the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Discrimination towards these people came in the form of cruelty from our government and fellow Americans. One example of discrimination towards Japanese-Americans that came from our government was signed by President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. The President signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the Army to â€Å"designate military areas from which â€Å"any persons may be excluded.† Although Japanese-Americans were put into these internment camps, the words â€Å"Japanese,† or â€Å"Japanese Americans† never appeared in the order. Afterwards, on March 9, 1942, Public Law 503 was put into decree to enforce Roosevelt’s Execu... ...tim of discrimination. Since he was the same race as the people who were involved in the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kabuo never stood a chance at a fair trial. Works Cited "Children of the Camps Project." Internment History. . Public Broadcasting System. 1999. <http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/camps.html>. "Exploring the Japanese American Internment through Film and the Internet." National Japanese American Historical Society . 2002. National Asian American Telecommunications Association. 16 April 2002. <http://www.jainternment.org/ ww2/eo9066.html>. Guterson, David. Snow Falling On Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Tsang, Rocky. "Japanese Americans Internment in Arkansas." Arkansas Memory Project. 15 April 1999. University of Central Arkansas. 16 April 2002. <http://a sms.k12.ar.us/armem/tsang/INDEX3.HTM>.

Business & Cultural Strategy of Walt Disney

REPORT SUBJECT: STRATEGY AND CULTURE OF THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY BY: SARAH PETER BACKGROUND For more than eight decades, the name Walt Disney has been paramount in the industry of family entertainment. From humble beginnings as a cartoon studio in the 1920s to today's global corporation, The Walt Disney Company continues to proudly provide quality entertainment for every member of the family, across America and around the world. Originally known as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, with Walt Disney and his brother Roy as equal partners, the company soon changed its name, to the Walt Disney Studio, at Roy's suggestion. Young arrived in California in the summer of 1923 with dreams and determination. He had made a short film in Kansas City about a little girl in a cartoon world, called Alice's Wonderland, and he planned to use it as his â€Å"pilot† film to sell a series of these Alice Comedies to a distributor. On October 16, 1923, a New York distributor, M. J. Winkler, contracted to release the Alice Comedies, and this date became the formal beginning of The Walt Disney Company. Section 1: External Environment a)The examples of factors that have effected the way it has behaved are as follows. Social: The Walt Disney Company fostered the spirit of creativity, innovation and excellence that continues to underlie all of the company’s success. It believes that quality entertainment is for all members of the family across America and around the world. It gives a chance for the whole family to sit together and have a good time. Technological: Silent cartoons were produced in as early as 192 7. He introduced the first film with synchronized sound – The Jazz Singer. This was a huge success and later implied on Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, Steamboat Willie, etc. Mickey Mouse became an immediate sensation instantly. In partnership with Pixar Animation, the company released the first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story. This was followed by a series of highly successful Disney/Pixar collaborations, A bug's life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. Economic: These movies were released in the theaters and people enjoyed watching them with their kids at a normal rate. These movies were not charged any differently than the Hollywood Classics. Political: During the war, Walt Disney made two films about South America, Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, at the request of the State Department. The studio also concentrated on producing propaganda and training films for the military. When the war ended, it was difficult for the Disney Studio to regain its pre-war footing. With the advent of World War II, the company lost access to most of its foreign markets. The studio was also at some financial risk. Legal Factors: Within a year of its existence, Walt made 26 Oswald cartoons, but when he tried to get some additional money from Winkler for a second year of the cartoons, he found out that the distributor had gone behind his back and signed up almost all of his animators, hoping to make the Oswald cartoons in his own studio for less money without Walt. Since the distributor owned the rights to Oswald, there was nothing Walt could do. It was a painful lesson for the young cartoon producer. From then on, he learned that he owned everything he made. Later Walt with his chief animator Ub Iwerks, designed a mouse whom his wife named Mickey, and a star was born. (b)The relationship between the Walt Disney Company and the environment according to SWOT analysis is as follows: The Walt Disney Company’s Strengths 1. The Walt Disney Company is the second largest media and Entertainment Corporation in the world, after Time Warner, according to Forbes. 2. Diversified Entertainment Company. 3. It owns media networks as well as parks and resorts. 4. It makes movies and markets consumer products. 5. Developed a very strong and well known â€Å"brand-name and image† over many years. 6. Disney Land is the top rated destination for vacation. The Walt Disney Company’s Weaknesses 1. The idea of Disney’s frequent change in top management. 2. Broader product portfolio gains many different niches and gives them a bigger image, but it also means that there are going to be that many more workers. This means greater possibilities for miscommunication and a high chance for a bureaucracy in the company. As of September 2007, there were 130, 000 people working for Disney in some way or another. 3. According to many, the Hong Kong Disney Land Resort has yet to live up to the expectations of Disney’s resorts and parks. The $1. 8 billion theme park has only 16 attractions, only one of which is a classic Disney thrill ride (Space Mountain), compared to 52 at Disneyland Resort Paris. A recent study of Hong Kong Polytechnic University showed that 70% of the local residents had a negative opinion of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. The Walt Disney Company’s Opp ortunities The markets of today are becoming more versatile to outsourcing and globalization and The Walt Disney Company is revealing this by (i) expanding outside of the United States and offering theme parks in France, Japan and China. ii) Another expansion opportunity from U. S. soil was mentioned earlier regarding the Disney Cruise Line, a service well placed and growing in popularity. The Walt Disney Company’s Threats 1. In Disney’s case their theme parks must meet the safety regulations of the countries in which they operate in order to stay in business and maintain their international status. 2. In the entertainment and theme park industry there are many competitors, such as Paramount Parks, Universal Studios and Six Flags Theme Parks. However, there are many other less visible competitors that one might not naturally think of when assessing the competitive market in which Disney deals. For example, there are hundreds of water parks and various funplexes that can also be considered as cheaper or more valuable competition for Disney. Competition, in any form, can diminish Disney’s market share in the entertainment industry. (c ) Guidelines for SWOT ANALYSIS for Walt Disney 1. Keep it simple 2. Focus on your organization. 3. Look for patterns. 4. Look for action that can be taken within a year. 5. Don't get lost in the future. 6. Be rooted in the now. Section 2: Organisational Culture (a)Organizational Culture of the Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company has a culture based on high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from the Cast Members. A good example of shared values is Walt and Roy together with their chief and loyal animator Ub Iwerks, Walt created Mortimer Mouse, which was renamed Mickey Mouse by his wife. The first cartoon with synchronized sound was released at the Colony Theater in New York, November 18, 1928. Walt Disney won its first Academy Award for Best Cartoon in 1932 and continued to be honored with an Oscar every year for a decade. Disney appeals to our childhood. They will always be favored by kids and will surely keep a preferred spot in the minds of adults. If only they live up to meet our expectations, to visualize our common fantasies. Disney could survive on the â€Å"classics† if it needed to. They get a new audience every day. But where has the imagination gone that prevents us adding some value. Today Disney is milking their theme park business–to the detriment of their brand. There is no argument that Disney is a pop culture icon in the U. S. However, the substance is not there. The rides, with a few exceptions, are dated and boring. It is not into reinvesting into their theme park business to keep it on top. (b) Create (Adhocracy) Culture The Walt Disney Company has a Create (Adhocracy) Culture. This culture has a dynamic, entrepreneurial, and creative place to work. Innovation and risk-taking are embraced by employees and leaders. A commitment to experimentation and thinking differently are what unify the organization. They strive to be on the leading edge. The long-term emphasis is on growth and acquiring new resources. Success means gaining unique and new products or services. Being an industry leader is important. Individual initiative and freedom are encouraged. The Walt Disney Company has all the characteristics of a Creative Culture. The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. They seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. The Walt Disney Company believes that it has to stay one step ahead of the competition to be the most innovative and creative animator. (c ) Organizational Culture and Organizational behavior of The Walt Disney Company. The Organizational Culture of The Walt Disney Company is a Create (Adhocracy) Culture. This culture invites and appreciates new, creative, innovative and exciting ideas. Walt and Roy believed that he had to stay one step ahead of the competition in order to be the most innovative and creative animator of all times. They have a high standard of entertainment and have made people believe that animation and cartoons are not only for children but for adults as well. The implementation of these stimulating ideas with the advantage of latest technological devices and techniques and training their employees is the organizational behavior of the company. Disney has constructed its own University that employees must attend and complete before ever being allowed to work at a Disney Theme Park. Disney University believes â€Å"The front line is the bottom line,† and, â€Å"It’s 10 percent product and 90 percent service,†. d ) Compete (Market)† Culture Using a different culture like that of a â€Å"Compete (Market)† Culture in which job completion is main objective of the company and employees are competitive and goal-oriented, a different approach would be established by the leaders who will be demanding, hard-driving, and productive. The emphasis on winning unifies the o rganization. Reputation and success are common concerns. Long-term focus is on competitive action and achievement of measurable goals and targets. Success means market share and penetration. Competitive pricing and market leadership are important. This type of organisational culture would demand a tough and strict environment where openness and creativity is limited or not required. It would have a â€Å"do as said† attitude with acute strictness and constrictiveness. All the ideas would be commanded by the producer and the animators would follow as instructed without being allowed to interrupt or magnify their imagination. This would be unsuitable environment for Walt Disney as Disney is all about magic, imagination and dreams. Section 3: Business Strategy (a) Four Types of Strategies Price Leadership – through dominating the industry – others follow your price lead †¢Global – seeking to expand global operations. †¢Reengineering – thinking outside the box – looking at new ways of doing things to leverage the organisation’s performance. †¢Contraction/Expansion – focus on what you are good at (core competencies) or seek to expand into a range of markets. (b) The Walt Disney Strategy The Walt Disney Company has adopted the strategy of Expanding. Since its start in 1923, Walt and his brother worked out their best to present and invent the best animations ever. The Walt Disney Company is in business to (i) produce entertaining theatrical productions that are family oriented and family friendly (ii) to create products and toys that will promote their theatrical productions that are both entertaining and safe for children (iii) to entertain families who are looking for a fun, interactive and safe vacation spot both with resorts and parks, and also cruise lines (iv) keeping their name reputable and substantial in a growing business. Benefits 1. Disney Land is Europe’s Top Destination for vacation. 2. Extremely popular among children and adults. 3. It is a global leader in the industry of entertainment. Walt Disney Company was ranked 8th in the Top 100 Global Brands ranking of the BusinessWeek Magazine and Interbrand, a branding consultancy, in 2006. 4. Exposure and variety of entertainment packages to fans by opening Resorts, launching Cruise Lines and Disney Lands in Tampa, Hong Kong and Paris, result, increased capital flow and no advertisement required. ( c ) Comparison Disney Company worked on the Strategy of Expansion but now they work on something more of a combination of Reengineering and Expansion after the launch of many quality competitors in market. The Disney Land especially in Hong Kong is not enjoyed by the fans as the entertainment essentials are limited as compared to the other destinations and are very dated. The Walt Disney Company is now working to expand itself by figuring out new ways of attraction and alluring to fans by opening Cruise Lines and Resorts and Fun Houses throughout their Disney Land. (d ) Factors to Consider to change Strategy 1. Quality is imperative than quantity. 2. Dated entertainment ideas and facilities should be updated to the demands of the new generation while keeping the classic touch polished. 3. Innovative marketing, strategic investment and financial discipline should be developed to keep pace in entertainment market. 4. The Walt Disney Company had to analysis its management and employees to determine where they stood as they were losing fans and had market value. 5. Competitors like Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures have worldwide successful theme parks and funplexes. To triumph over them Disney Land had to study its new fans and keep its signature. (e ) Business Strategy and Strategic Choice The type of Business the Walt Disney Company wanted to have depended upon the Business Strategy it approached. It did quite well in the beginning and won Oscar awards and achieved the most out of the market. The Brand was the most popular and demanded and nailed its name in the industry. But as time passed and new generation emerged, a new taste came into existence and therefore things had to be renewed and improved. Earlier Disney was the only animation company but, as time passed and quality competitors surfaced, larger competition and criticizers appeared. The Walt Disney Company had opened remarkable entertainment property which encouraged fans to meet and enjoy their childhood favorite character. But the strategy they adopted was not enough for to attract the new graphics and 3D oriented generation. Therefore they had to opt for the Strategic Choice of the market and indulge in the dept of entertainment with time. They are still the leaders as they chose the right action at the right time. (f) The Key Issues The Walt Disney Company should keep in account to manage its Business Strategy are: †¢Latest approach of entertainment. †¢Should make Sci fi Movies with a more realistic approach. †¢Educational Films to be produced as well. †¢Disney Land worldwide should be upgraded. Employee Satisfaction is a must and Management should take account of each department. †¢Quality should be maintained. †¢Competitors and Internal weaknesses are studied. Section 4: Change (a)Change of Strategy The Strategy of the Walt Disney Company had to change overtime due the increasing demand of hi-tech technology, graphics and updated modes of entertainment. The competitors rooted to attract people with the latest knowledge and entertainment techniques. Despite winning Oscars and being branded as the finest animator, Disney overlooked the need of freshness and contemporariness. No doubt, Disney was experimenting and innovating but, using the same old but famous characters. People wanted a new character and novel themes. There Parks were attracting new crowd but couldn’t bring back the old ones. These factors intimidated Disney and it had to think over its strategy. (b)Social Responsibility The urge to make people happy is stated to be the Social Responsibility of the Walt Disney Company. The main objective and goal of Disney is to impart happiness, enchantment and amusement to people. They have been very successful so far but, as times changed and new generations emerged, they had to think over their product. Disney opened many resorts, hotels, cruise liners, but couldn’t attract the old customers. It made them happy but couldn’t keep them loyal. Getting to the root cause of this they realized that their amenities were dated and needed rejuvenation with tools of technology, graphics, new characters, new stories, new modes of entertainment in the theme parks, Disney TV channels, sports and news channels, in short, a new approach to the new generation. (c ) Role of Management To Changes As already mentioned there is a strategic change in the company and some new operations are introduced. The Management already has a very good policy of providing necessary training to its employees. They can further inform their employees about the market situation. It can make the staff understand the importance and need of the new operations and changes and insist why it needs the best from their employees. It can provide customer service training and motivate them to produce the best out of their service and compete with the growing competition. (d ) Advice to The Walt Disney Company To analyze a change in situation the management should keep itself updated about the market situation. It should not just look into the expansion of the Business but also keep an eye on the changing market industry and new requirements of the fans. It should study the developments of its competitors. There would be resistance to the changing market but to overcome this resistance, it can hold meetings and make its staff and managers realize the substance and requirement of the changes by providing detailed and proper explanation. Better knowledge of the market and motivation to achieve the target can help overcome the resistance to change. Reference