Ethical Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Integrity - Essay Example There are people who have been subjected to situations of life and death but they ended up not betraying their ethical and moral convictions. Such are the people who have what is termed as ethical integrity. Having said this, this paper aims to prove the fact hat there is no excuse or/and reason for going against or betraying morals, ethics, convictions or ethical integrity. Ethical and moral standards hold this world together in peace. Imagine if there were no standards of demeanor; then people would behave anyway anyhow. There will be chaos everywhere. But now thanks to the ethical and moral standards, as yardsticks to measure and rate behavior and conduct, peace and order is possible. Imagine a world where everyone subscribed to highest possible ethical integrity; it would be basically a paradise where there is no hypocrisy and problems are honestly and objectively handled without reservation. Indeed there will only be the truth and this truth will set the mortals free. Truthfulness and honesty are the core pillars that describe integrity and without these in every thought, word and deed, then there is no integrity at all except for hypocrisy. At some points, integrity has been described as doing the right things more especially when no one is watching you and that is exactly what it is (Carter, 1996). Integrity is defined as the strict devotion to the ethical principles. It may as well be termed as the unassailability of moral character or simply as honesty. Honesty is equal to integrity only when there is consistency and this kind of honesty is reminiscent in every level of being: thoughts, words and deeds. The synonyms of integrity are words like probity, goodness, decency, virtue, honor, godliness etc. The opposite of integrity is simply dishonesty, deceit, corruption, hypocrisy and fraudulence among others. All these are used to enable a deeper understanding and appreciation of the concept of integrity and more especially ethical integrity. More often than not, integrity and ethics are tied. When one talks about integrity, ethics is implied and vice versa. Ethics, according to the American Heritage Dictionary (2000), is construed to refer to the set of principles that govern behavior or simply the regulations or principles that govern the demeanor of a person or the membership of a profession such as law or medicine. This explains why we have things like medical ethics, law ethics etc. The code of conduct that guides people in their professions is often referred to as professional ethics. Such ethics are often based on carefully considered principles of truthfulness, accuracy and respect for human rights and dignity. Morality also guides the enactment of these ethics. Ethics as already mentioned is everywhere. Think of any profession or situation, ethics will still apply. We have ethics in medicine, in church, in school, in law, in business etc. Ethics is everywhere. The fact that these ethics do exist doesn't necessari ly mean that they are all the time adhered to. They are most of the time contravened more than they can be adhered to and this is what differentiates people in every profession or situation. There are those who will adhere and those who will dare not to. Such people or their behaviors which do not agree

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay In my answer I will be talking about my ideas on the themes, styles, and images in the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop. Elizabeth Bishop was born on the 8th of February 1911 in Worcester, Massachusetts. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother, in shock, was sent to a mental hospital for five years. They were separated in 1916 until her mother finally died in 1934. She was raised by her grandparents in Nova Scotia. There are four main themes in the poetry of Bishop. These include nature, childhood, domesticity/motherhood, and the resilience of the human spirit. The two poems I will be discussing about in my answer related to the following themes are ‘Sestina’ and ‘The Filling Station’. The two themes I will be discussing about are domesticity and childhood. The first poem I will be discussing on is ‘Sestina’. The theme in ‘Sestina’, which I will be discussing, is childhood and domesticity. In ‘Sestina’ Bishop is looking back at her childhood in a child’s perspective. The use of the third person voice in Sestina blends the poets adult perspective with the childs. A sestina is a seven stanza poem with 6 lines in every stanza except for the last one, where there are only three. If we look at the last word in every line of the first stanza we realize that house, almanac, stove, grandmother, child, and almanac are used over and over again as the last word of every line, except the last stanza where there are two words in every line. The reason why Elizabeth Bishop titled her poem after the form it was written in was because she wanted the reader to understand the way a child sees. A child rearranges things until it makes sense, the way the words are rearranged over and over again. In stanza five of the child is drawing a picture. The picture is an outlet of the child’s emotion. I think this is a great way of doing so, after all a picture tells a thousand words. The picture the child draws therefore reflects truly what the child dreams of, †Å"a rigid house† and â€Å"a man with buttons like tears†. Apparently, this is a complete contrast to the current situation. It is a happy past that she’ll never have again. It is the bitter mirror image of the present and the past of dream and reality. Although, in the last two stanzas the mood of the poem takes a turn for a brighter theme because of the child’s picture â€Å"†¦little moons fall down like trees from between the pages of the almanac into the flower bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Personally, I take the image of flowers in the rain as a very interesting one. It resembles the silver lining in every cloud and the light at the end of the road. It’s about restoring hope in the face of affliction. This is clearly shown at the beginning of the last stanza. The verse â€Å"time to plant tears, says the almanac† marks the turning point of the poem. It is also at this moment that the child becomes happy, therefore not being completely unhappy. It’s time for the grandmother to bury her tears in the earth and grow hope. The message of the poem is then unveiled: there will be a rainbow after the rain, just as there will always be hope for tomorrow. â€Å"The grandmother sings to the marvellous stove and the child draws another inscrutable house†. The grandmother stops crying and starts to sing, the child stops dwelling on the past and starts to draw the future. The almanac in the poem represents the domestic. Its secular and full of information. We have this domestic scene with a stove a grandmother and a childbut then we have tears. The tears tip the poem towards the absurdity. The child can sense the grandmothers tears even though she is trying to hide it. The child expresses this through the picture she drew if a man with buttons like tears,, and by watching the teakettles small hard tears dance like mad. And in the last stanza where it ends with an inscrutable house, the last thing that should be inscrutable is her house. But in this case there are many symbols and the child is having a difficult time making sense out of things, so even though we have this domestic scene, it isnt really. I think that the tears are from the lack of the grandmothers children, the childs mother. Maybe thats the unspoken reason. The second poem I will be discussing is ‘The Filling Station’. In this poem I will be discussing the theme of domesticity/motherhood. I think it is the domestic details that fascinate the poet in this poem. I think so because the poet seems to write in a lot of detail about the domestic items in the â€Å"little, filling station†. Instead of saying it’s an oily filling station, she describes it further in saying it’s â€Å"oil-soaked, oil-permeated to a disturbing, over-all black translucency†. This is one example of her in-depth detail of the filling station in the poem. The two things in which she goes into extreme detail in are the â€Å"doily† and the â€Å"plant†. She becomes very interested in these two domestic objects because they greatly contrast the atmosphere which the poet saw the filling station to be, â€Å"somebody embroidered the doily. Somebody waters the plant, or oils it maybe.† This shows how interested the poet was in these two objects. I understand the â€Å"somebody† in stanza six to be a caring mother. This may be linked to Bishop’s personal life in that she lost her own mother and is longing for a caring mother figure in her life, or, at least, in her life as a child. The realisation that the mother isn’t to be seen happens gradually as we see that it’s a family filling station and that there is wicker furniture, a woman’s touch surely, but then the sudden realisation floods Bishop in the sixth stanza when she repeats the word â€Å"somebody† again and again. The repetition of â€Å"somebody† appears to be a method of ignoring who this person might be even though the association is obvious. Bishop seems to be hiding from the realisation, reinforcing the thoughts that this is about her own lack of a mother. One of the things I love the most about the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop is the imagery. Elizabeth Bishop is well-known for her ability to take the mundane or most unimportant things in life and use her imagination to change it into something completely out of the ordinary. ‘The Fish’ is a great example of this. Elizabeth Bishop is renowned to write poetry about the beauty of poetry. This poem is not an exception. Bishop merely catches a fish, yet by her imagination and creativity, which is a part of her poetry, she is able to imagine the fish beyond what it is, not only talking about its skin but also talking about its innards and portraying it as a war veteran. In fact, the ending speaks of how Bishop even begins to see the colours of the rainbow. Sad to say, the poem focuses more on poetry itself; it is unlikely the poem is speaking of morality or life and death between herself and the fish. This is what makes it such a great poem. The main thing I like about this poem is the vivid imagery Bishop gives, especially when describing the fish. In this poem, the central image is of the poet holding the fish beside her rented boat. There are three main groups of factual images. The first group contains thirteen physical images of the fish: â⠂¬Ëœtremendous fish†¦ mouth†¦ brown skin †¦ speckled with barnacles†¦ infested with tiny white sea-lice†¦ his gills were breathing in the terrible oxygen†¦ the coarse white flesh the big bones and the little bones†¦ his shiny entrails†¦ the pink swim-bladder†¦ his eyes†¦ mechanism of his jaw†¦ his lower lip’ The second group contains seven factual images of the boat: ‘ beside the boat†¦ the little rented boat†¦ the pool of bilge where oil had spread a rainbow around the rusted engine†¦ to the bailer rusted orange†¦ the sun-cracked thwarts†¦ the oarlocks on their strings†¦ the gunnels†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The third group contains seven factual images of fishing: ‘ my hook fast in a corner of his mouth†¦ five old pieces of fish-line†¦ or four and a wire leader with the swivel still attached†¦ with all their five big hooks grown firmly in his mouth†¦ A green line, frayed at the end where he broke it†¦ two heavier lines†¦ and a fine black thread still crimped from the strain and snap †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Overall, there is a great variety in the imagery used in this poem, which is why I like the imagery in this poem. The writing style of Bishop was very different in comparison to her notable contemporaries such as Robert Lowell and John Berryman. In contrast to their confessional style involving large amounts of self-exposure, Bishops style of writing, though it sometimes involved sparse details from her personal life, was known for its highly detailed and objective, distant point of view and for its necessity on the personal subject matter that the work of her contemporaries involved. In contrast, when Bishop wrote about details and people from her own life, as she did in her story about her childhood and her weeping grandmother in Sestina, she always used discretion. Sestina, in other words, is not personal confession, as the lack of personal names indicates, but representative in the way that a tale is. Along with the persona, the point of view, and the poetic form, the language creates a complex experience for the reader. One sympathizes with the grandmother and the child, sensing sorrow, yearning, and the tensing of the childs effort to be an individual within the sheltering, suffocating domestic scene. Yet one also hears wariness in Bishops telling of their story.

Snow Falling on Cedars Essay -- Snow Falling Cedars Japanese Essays

Snow Falling on Cedars Everyone has experienced prejudice sometime in their life. It has been an undeniable force in society ever since history was recorded. Even the most open-minded people and enlightened organizations can be blamed as being prejudice sometime or another. However, prejudice always takes its toll from these people who form opinions beforehand or without any facts. The novel, Snow Falling On Cedars, take place during a time in which Americans are prejudice towards Japanese people. David Guterson’s novel takes place several years after World War II when hatred towards the Japanese filled Americans’ hearts from the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. During the time period from 1940 to 1955 there was evidence of this hatred and prejudice in internment camps and laws passed against Japanese-Americans. Snow Falling On Cedars has many parallels between the fictional prejudice in the novel and the factual prejudice of the time period. There are many examples of prejudice towards the Japanese from 1940-1955. These examples of prejudice were based on hatred from the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Discrimination towards these people came in the form of cruelty from our government and fellow Americans. One example of discrimination towards Japanese-Americans that came from our government was signed by President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. The President signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the Army to â€Å"designate military areas from which â€Å"any persons may be excluded.† Although Japanese-Americans were put into these internment camps, the words â€Å"Japanese,† or â€Å"Japanese Americans† never appeared in the order. Afterwards, on March 9, 1942, Public Law 503 was put into decree to enforce Roosevelt’s Execu... ...tim of discrimination. Since he was the same race as the people who were involved in the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kabuo never stood a chance at a fair trial. Works Cited "Children of the Camps Project." Internment History. . Public Broadcasting System. 1999. <http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/camps.html>. "Exploring the Japanese American Internment through Film and the Internet." National Japanese American Historical Society . 2002. National Asian American Telecommunications Association. 16 April 2002. <http://www.jainternment.org/ ww2/eo9066.html>. Guterson, David. Snow Falling On Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Tsang, Rocky. "Japanese Americans Internment in Arkansas." Arkansas Memory Project. 15 April 1999. University of Central Arkansas. 16 April 2002. <http://a sms.k12.ar.us/armem/tsang/INDEX3.HTM>.

Business & Cultural Strategy of Walt Disney

REPORT SUBJECT: STRATEGY AND CULTURE OF THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY BY: SARAH PETER BACKGROUND For more than eight decades, the name Walt Disney has been paramount in the industry of family entertainment. From humble beginnings as a cartoon studio in the 1920s to today's global corporation, The Walt Disney Company continues to proudly provide quality entertainment for every member of the family, across America and around the world. Originally known as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, with Walt Disney and his brother Roy as equal partners, the company soon changed its name, to the Walt Disney Studio, at Roy's suggestion. Young arrived in California in the summer of 1923 with dreams and determination. He had made a short film in Kansas City about a little girl in a cartoon world, called Alice's Wonderland, and he planned to use it as his â€Å"pilot† film to sell a series of these Alice Comedies to a distributor. On October 16, 1923, a New York distributor, M. J. Winkler, contracted to release the Alice Comedies, and this date became the formal beginning of The Walt Disney Company. Section 1: External Environment a)The examples of factors that have effected the way it has behaved are as follows. Social: The Walt Disney Company fostered the spirit of creativity, innovation and excellence that continues to underlie all of the company’s success. It believes that quality entertainment is for all members of the family across America and around the world. It gives a chance for the whole family to sit together and have a good time. Technological: Silent cartoons were produced in as early as 192 7. He introduced the first film with synchronized sound – The Jazz Singer. This was a huge success and later implied on Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, Steamboat Willie, etc. Mickey Mouse became an immediate sensation instantly. In partnership with Pixar Animation, the company released the first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story. This was followed by a series of highly successful Disney/Pixar collaborations, A bug's life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. Economic: These movies were released in the theaters and people enjoyed watching them with their kids at a normal rate. These movies were not charged any differently than the Hollywood Classics. Political: During the war, Walt Disney made two films about South America, Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, at the request of the State Department. The studio also concentrated on producing propaganda and training films for the military. When the war ended, it was difficult for the Disney Studio to regain its pre-war footing. With the advent of World War II, the company lost access to most of its foreign markets. The studio was also at some financial risk. Legal Factors: Within a year of its existence, Walt made 26 Oswald cartoons, but when he tried to get some additional money from Winkler for a second year of the cartoons, he found out that the distributor had gone behind his back and signed up almost all of his animators, hoping to make the Oswald cartoons in his own studio for less money without Walt. Since the distributor owned the rights to Oswald, there was nothing Walt could do. It was a painful lesson for the young cartoon producer. From then on, he learned that he owned everything he made. Later Walt with his chief animator Ub Iwerks, designed a mouse whom his wife named Mickey, and a star was born. (b)The relationship between the Walt Disney Company and the environment according to SWOT analysis is as follows: The Walt Disney Company’s Strengths 1. The Walt Disney Company is the second largest media and Entertainment Corporation in the world, after Time Warner, according to Forbes. 2. Diversified Entertainment Company. 3. It owns media networks as well as parks and resorts. 4. It makes movies and markets consumer products. 5. Developed a very strong and well known â€Å"brand-name and image† over many years. 6. Disney Land is the top rated destination for vacation. The Walt Disney Company’s Weaknesses 1. The idea of Disney’s frequent change in top management. 2. Broader product portfolio gains many different niches and gives them a bigger image, but it also means that there are going to be that many more workers. This means greater possibilities for miscommunication and a high chance for a bureaucracy in the company. As of September 2007, there were 130, 000 people working for Disney in some way or another. 3. According to many, the Hong Kong Disney Land Resort has yet to live up to the expectations of Disney’s resorts and parks. The $1. 8 billion theme park has only 16 attractions, only one of which is a classic Disney thrill ride (Space Mountain), compared to 52 at Disneyland Resort Paris. A recent study of Hong Kong Polytechnic University showed that 70% of the local residents had a negative opinion of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. The Walt Disney Company’s Opp ortunities The markets of today are becoming more versatile to outsourcing and globalization and The Walt Disney Company is revealing this by (i) expanding outside of the United States and offering theme parks in France, Japan and China. ii) Another expansion opportunity from U. S. soil was mentioned earlier regarding the Disney Cruise Line, a service well placed and growing in popularity. The Walt Disney Company’s Threats 1. In Disney’s case their theme parks must meet the safety regulations of the countries in which they operate in order to stay in business and maintain their international status. 2. In the entertainment and theme park industry there are many competitors, such as Paramount Parks, Universal Studios and Six Flags Theme Parks. However, there are many other less visible competitors that one might not naturally think of when assessing the competitive market in which Disney deals. For example, there are hundreds of water parks and various funplexes that can also be considered as cheaper or more valuable competition for Disney. Competition, in any form, can diminish Disney’s market share in the entertainment industry. (c ) Guidelines for SWOT ANALYSIS for Walt Disney 1. Keep it simple 2. Focus on your organization. 3. Look for patterns. 4. Look for action that can be taken within a year. 5. Don't get lost in the future. 6. Be rooted in the now. Section 2: Organisational Culture (a)Organizational Culture of the Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company has a culture based on high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from the Cast Members. A good example of shared values is Walt and Roy together with their chief and loyal animator Ub Iwerks, Walt created Mortimer Mouse, which was renamed Mickey Mouse by his wife. The first cartoon with synchronized sound was released at the Colony Theater in New York, November 18, 1928. Walt Disney won its first Academy Award for Best Cartoon in 1932 and continued to be honored with an Oscar every year for a decade. Disney appeals to our childhood. They will always be favored by kids and will surely keep a preferred spot in the minds of adults. If only they live up to meet our expectations, to visualize our common fantasies. Disney could survive on the â€Å"classics† if it needed to. They get a new audience every day. But where has the imagination gone that prevents us adding some value. Today Disney is milking their theme park business–to the detriment of their brand. There is no argument that Disney is a pop culture icon in the U. S. However, the substance is not there. The rides, with a few exceptions, are dated and boring. It is not into reinvesting into their theme park business to keep it on top. (b) Create (Adhocracy) Culture The Walt Disney Company has a Create (Adhocracy) Culture. This culture has a dynamic, entrepreneurial, and creative place to work. Innovation and risk-taking are embraced by employees and leaders. A commitment to experimentation and thinking differently are what unify the organization. They strive to be on the leading edge. The long-term emphasis is on growth and acquiring new resources. Success means gaining unique and new products or services. Being an industry leader is important. Individual initiative and freedom are encouraged. The Walt Disney Company has all the characteristics of a Creative Culture. The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world's leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. They seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world. The Walt Disney Company believes that it has to stay one step ahead of the competition to be the most innovative and creative animator. (c ) Organizational Culture and Organizational behavior of The Walt Disney Company. The Organizational Culture of The Walt Disney Company is a Create (Adhocracy) Culture. This culture invites and appreciates new, creative, innovative and exciting ideas. Walt and Roy believed that he had to stay one step ahead of the competition in order to be the most innovative and creative animator of all times. They have a high standard of entertainment and have made people believe that animation and cartoons are not only for children but for adults as well. The implementation of these stimulating ideas with the advantage of latest technological devices and techniques and training their employees is the organizational behavior of the company. Disney has constructed its own University that employees must attend and complete before ever being allowed to work at a Disney Theme Park. Disney University believes â€Å"The front line is the bottom line,† and, â€Å"It’s 10 percent product and 90 percent service,†. d ) Compete (Market)† Culture Using a different culture like that of a â€Å"Compete (Market)† Culture in which job completion is main objective of the company and employees are competitive and goal-oriented, a different approach would be established by the leaders who will be demanding, hard-driving, and productive. The emphasis on winning unifies the o rganization. Reputation and success are common concerns. Long-term focus is on competitive action and achievement of measurable goals and targets. Success means market share and penetration. Competitive pricing and market leadership are important. This type of organisational culture would demand a tough and strict environment where openness and creativity is limited or not required. It would have a â€Å"do as said† attitude with acute strictness and constrictiveness. All the ideas would be commanded by the producer and the animators would follow as instructed without being allowed to interrupt or magnify their imagination. This would be unsuitable environment for Walt Disney as Disney is all about magic, imagination and dreams. Section 3: Business Strategy (a) Four Types of Strategies Price Leadership – through dominating the industry – others follow your price lead †¢Global – seeking to expand global operations. †¢Reengineering – thinking outside the box – looking at new ways of doing things to leverage the organisation’s performance. †¢Contraction/Expansion – focus on what you are good at (core competencies) or seek to expand into a range of markets. (b) The Walt Disney Strategy The Walt Disney Company has adopted the strategy of Expanding. Since its start in 1923, Walt and his brother worked out their best to present and invent the best animations ever. The Walt Disney Company is in business to (i) produce entertaining theatrical productions that are family oriented and family friendly (ii) to create products and toys that will promote their theatrical productions that are both entertaining and safe for children (iii) to entertain families who are looking for a fun, interactive and safe vacation spot both with resorts and parks, and also cruise lines (iv) keeping their name reputable and substantial in a growing business. Benefits 1. Disney Land is Europe’s Top Destination for vacation. 2. Extremely popular among children and adults. 3. It is a global leader in the industry of entertainment. Walt Disney Company was ranked 8th in the Top 100 Global Brands ranking of the BusinessWeek Magazine and Interbrand, a branding consultancy, in 2006. 4. Exposure and variety of entertainment packages to fans by opening Resorts, launching Cruise Lines and Disney Lands in Tampa, Hong Kong and Paris, result, increased capital flow and no advertisement required. ( c ) Comparison Disney Company worked on the Strategy of Expansion but now they work on something more of a combination of Reengineering and Expansion after the launch of many quality competitors in market. The Disney Land especially in Hong Kong is not enjoyed by the fans as the entertainment essentials are limited as compared to the other destinations and are very dated. The Walt Disney Company is now working to expand itself by figuring out new ways of attraction and alluring to fans by opening Cruise Lines and Resorts and Fun Houses throughout their Disney Land. (d ) Factors to Consider to change Strategy 1. Quality is imperative than quantity. 2. Dated entertainment ideas and facilities should be updated to the demands of the new generation while keeping the classic touch polished. 3. Innovative marketing, strategic investment and financial discipline should be developed to keep pace in entertainment market. 4. The Walt Disney Company had to analysis its management and employees to determine where they stood as they were losing fans and had market value. 5. Competitors like Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures have worldwide successful theme parks and funplexes. To triumph over them Disney Land had to study its new fans and keep its signature. (e ) Business Strategy and Strategic Choice The type of Business the Walt Disney Company wanted to have depended upon the Business Strategy it approached. It did quite well in the beginning and won Oscar awards and achieved the most out of the market. The Brand was the most popular and demanded and nailed its name in the industry. But as time passed and new generation emerged, a new taste came into existence and therefore things had to be renewed and improved. Earlier Disney was the only animation company but, as time passed and quality competitors surfaced, larger competition and criticizers appeared. The Walt Disney Company had opened remarkable entertainment property which encouraged fans to meet and enjoy their childhood favorite character. But the strategy they adopted was not enough for to attract the new graphics and 3D oriented generation. Therefore they had to opt for the Strategic Choice of the market and indulge in the dept of entertainment with time. They are still the leaders as they chose the right action at the right time. (f) The Key Issues The Walt Disney Company should keep in account to manage its Business Strategy are: †¢Latest approach of entertainment. †¢Should make Sci fi Movies with a more realistic approach. †¢Educational Films to be produced as well. †¢Disney Land worldwide should be upgraded. Employee Satisfaction is a must and Management should take account of each department. †¢Quality should be maintained. †¢Competitors and Internal weaknesses are studied. Section 4: Change (a)Change of Strategy The Strategy of the Walt Disney Company had to change overtime due the increasing demand of hi-tech technology, graphics and updated modes of entertainment. The competitors rooted to attract people with the latest knowledge and entertainment techniques. Despite winning Oscars and being branded as the finest animator, Disney overlooked the need of freshness and contemporariness. No doubt, Disney was experimenting and innovating but, using the same old but famous characters. People wanted a new character and novel themes. There Parks were attracting new crowd but couldn’t bring back the old ones. These factors intimidated Disney and it had to think over its strategy. (b)Social Responsibility The urge to make people happy is stated to be the Social Responsibility of the Walt Disney Company. The main objective and goal of Disney is to impart happiness, enchantment and amusement to people. They have been very successful so far but, as times changed and new generations emerged, they had to think over their product. Disney opened many resorts, hotels, cruise liners, but couldn’t attract the old customers. It made them happy but couldn’t keep them loyal. Getting to the root cause of this they realized that their amenities were dated and needed rejuvenation with tools of technology, graphics, new characters, new stories, new modes of entertainment in the theme parks, Disney TV channels, sports and news channels, in short, a new approach to the new generation. (c ) Role of Management To Changes As already mentioned there is a strategic change in the company and some new operations are introduced. The Management already has a very good policy of providing necessary training to its employees. They can further inform their employees about the market situation. It can make the staff understand the importance and need of the new operations and changes and insist why it needs the best from their employees. It can provide customer service training and motivate them to produce the best out of their service and compete with the growing competition. (d ) Advice to The Walt Disney Company To analyze a change in situation the management should keep itself updated about the market situation. It should not just look into the expansion of the Business but also keep an eye on the changing market industry and new requirements of the fans. It should study the developments of its competitors. There would be resistance to the changing market but to overcome this resistance, it can hold meetings and make its staff and managers realize the substance and requirement of the changes by providing detailed and proper explanation. Better knowledge of the market and motivation to achieve the target can help overcome the resistance to change. Reference

How successfully does Alan Ayckbourn slice into the soul of surburbia in Absurd Person Singular?

I feel Ayckbourn does it extremely well, as he takes three very different couples with very different lives and compares and contrasts them to give the everyday people and situations we come across in our own lives. The characters in this play become more familiar as it develops and people like Marion who has a 2 faced personality becomes recognisable with people in your life. She begins complimenting Jane and Sidney on their kitchen by saying sweet things such as â€Å"what a simply dishy kitchen† but when Jane and Sidney cannot see her she turns to her husband Ronald and claims the house is â€Å"loathsome† and demands her husband to take her home in â€Å"5 minutes† However Jane and Sidney fell everything is going wonderfully, as they have only invited these particular guests, to help them in the future. Sidney says to Ronald â€Å"I hope you've been giving a little bit of thought to our chat if you had a moment† Ronald is a bank manager and Sidney wants him to help him out a bit with loans. Then there is Geoff, who is married to Eva. Not that his marriage should mean anything as he constantly cheats on Eva and doesn't care if she does or doesn't know. Also he speaks openly about his filthy obsession. He describes one of his conquests as an â€Å"absolute little cracker†. His disloyalty unveils his shallow self but also reveals the reason for Eva's pain which has led to depression. As Ayckbourn â€Å"slices† through each character, we can see they are all pretending be something and they all appear to concerned with themselves, except Eva she doesn't act differently to her self or hide her problems, which is clear when she says to Sidney on the subject of her pills † they prevent me from turning into a raving lunatic†. Ayckbourn goes deeper to see her reasons for depression instead of trying to reveal a fake intention, which is what the others posses. * * * * In Act 2 the characters are slowly developing. This time the Christmas party is being held at Geoff and Eva's and it appears they aren't in the best of spirits as Geoff has just told Eva he's leaving her for another woman, this is seen when he says â€Å"Sally and I will probably get somewhere else together† these words are harsh and blunt and have turned Eva mute. When the guests finally arrive, Eva has decided to commit suicide, she begins to gas herself by placing her head in the oven, when Jane walks in and believes she's cleaning the oven and volunteers to do it herself and says â€Å"don't you worry about the oven†¦I must clean that oven if it kills me† Eva, upset that her plan has failed then attempts to overdose herself but accidentally drops the pills down the plug hole. Whilst trying to capture them, Sidney enters and thinks she's trying to unblock it and says â€Å"you'll never get a sink unblocked that way† then gets his tools kit and begins to ‘fix' it. This creates a black humour as Eva's situation is becoming more desperate as people keep interfering even though they believe they are helping but its also quite sad because it shows how little they know about each other as they can't even see Eva is suffering from serious depression. You can also see how involved they are with themselves and are completely oblivious to the fact that Eva is desperate to kill herself. There is a dramatic irony as Ronald sets about a routine repair of fixing a light bulb but Eva's condition is anything but routine. We become more and more sympathetic with Eva as she feels without Geoff she cannot live or his dismissal has led her to suicide but with Geoff we despise as he plays with Eva trying to twist things on to her by saying such things as â€Å"if your blaming yourself don't† which seems he thinks she should be and he also claims â€Å"other men don't have this trouble† when talking about his cheating as if it were some illness and deserves sympathy for it. As Eva continues to ignore him his impatience grows until he speaks of previous violence such as â€Å"I'm going to lose my temper. And we know what happens then don't we. I'll take a swing for you† his patronising and angry tone is almost creepy and furthers are hate for him. Throughout it all, Eva's many suicide attempts, Ronalds electrocution when changing the light bulb and Sidney drying himself from being soaked in dirty water while fixing the pipes. Is slightly over the top but that adds more comedy but the symapathy for Eva is still there as she is still suffering and suspension is created of what will become of the Brewster-wrights marriage as tension is created when Marion says â€Å"You'd never think it but he was a really vital young man, Eva you'd never think it to look at him† maybe claiming she is no longer attracted to him.

Rapa Nui essays

Rapa Nui essays Rapa Nui or the Ladle of the World is more commonly known as Easter Island. Originally settled by king Matuatani 1500 years ago, the island grew and divided into several tribes who believed very strongly in pleasing the gods of their religion. Religious suffrage was thought to come from building large statues, Muis. Having not had contact with anyone but themselves, the tribes believed they were the only ones on earth and the rest of the lands in the world had sunken. The two main political actors acting as groups in the movie are the tribes of the long and short ears. They compete to designate a hegemonic authority the Birdman every generation, which then has complete control over the island and the operations of building the Mui. According to the islanders legend, ten years before its discovery by eastern civilization on Easter Sunday 1752, various oppressed tribes and the long ears engulfed in a civil war where the neglect of natural human rights fueled resource mobilization to overthrow the current central authority figure. The goals of the short ears became apparent when the priest of the long ears killed an innocent man for breaking a taboo. The old man claming it was an accident pleaded for his life. Other short ears were hungry, tiered, and satisfied with their work on the Mui but the long ears were not. A common interest had been created, it was now time to stand up for themselves against the long ears. Clearly emotions and feelings of suppression, which generated a common sentiment, drove this revolt. The tribes focus arose from this feeling and not from a cost benefit analysis. They must have felt that revolution was the only solution. The short ears had tried asking for more food and better everything from the long ears with no luck before the revolution. This, coupled with the relentless pressure to build the Mui was simply not acceptable to the short ears ...

Your Home Base Online

Your Home Base Online Ah, got a little push back from last weeks post about how writers shouldnt post articles or try to sell books without an online presence. I love pushing those buttons. Some thought writing was about the creativity, not necessarily about the sales. They purported the webpage as almost selling out, and that the artist need not tie himself to an online page. Others just did not feel techie enough to have a site, but they felt okay enough to submit to others. Sorry, but you cant USE the Internet to support yourself then state you dont need it. These days, if you use it, you best have a link to where people can learn more. Otherwise, you wasted your effort. Not having a link means you write for you and nobody else. You want the satisfaction of seeing your work in print, but you dont want to connect with the reader. I wrote an eleven minute podcast on that topic this week, entitled Face-to-Face? Or Face-to-Screen? chopeclark.com/blog Whether you need a home base online is not up for discussion. But you have options if you are HTML/CSS phobic. Lets look at where you can find a home base online. Blogger.com A very simple blog platform that can be used as a simple website. Wordpress.com Same as Blogger with a tad more of a learning curve. Facebook Yes, a fan page can be your home page if you keep it professional. Tumblr If youre a picture fan and prefer brief comments, this is your ba LinkedIn For your resume and experience. Its becoming quite interactive. AboutMe A one-page info sheet about you with a cool way to insert pics. Weebly.com Simple website, but try to avoid making it look like a 1999 template. And heres one you probably never thought of: Pubslush.com. Its a crowdfunding program but also a homebase program if you choose to use that side of the house. Its where you can plant yourself as well as sell your books. I once landed a $750 opportunity because I had my resume online. Someone Googled me and found I was qualified for her magazines assignment. It happens. Not having an online address is like not having a mailing address. When people cannot find you in this technical time and age, they assume you dont need work, dont care to work, or dont have respect for your work. Show them otherwise, and plant yourself a flag on some page online, then tell everyone where you can be found.

Understanding Passive Vocabulary

Understanding Passive Vocabulary A passive vocabulary is made up of the words that an individual recognizes but rarely uses when speaking and writing. Also known as recognition vocabulary. Contrast with  active vocabulary.   According to John Reynolds and Patricia Acres, Your passive vocabulary is  likely to contain more words than the active one. One way to improve the range of the vocabulary in your own writing is to try to transfer words from your passive to the active vocabulary (Cambridge Checkpoint English Revision Guide, 2013). Examples and Observations A passive vocabulary . . . includes the words stored in verbal memory that people partially understand, but not well enough for active use. These are words that people meet less often and they may be low frequency words in the language as a whole. In other words, activating them takes longer and it demands greater stimulus than most textual contexts provide. Words stop being passive if people are regularly contracting relations that activate them, since this lowers the amount of stimulus needed to put them to use. A facility in using the words develops. Again constraints of another kind in the extralinguistic context may also restrict the active use of some words. This can happen even when words are available for active use in principle, such as cultural taboo words that most people know but rarely use outside certain settings.(David Corson, Using English Words. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995)Media saturation may . . . provide what Dennis Baron called a passive lingua franca. We al l understand what we hear on the radio or see on TV, giving us a passive vocabulary, but that doesnt mean that we use that vocabulary actively in writing or speaking.(Robert MacNeil et al., Do You Speak American? Random House, 2005) How to Estimate the Size of Your VocabularyTake your dictionary and peruse 1 per cent of its pages, i.e. 20 pages of a 2,000-page dictionary, or every hundreth page (you need to take a range of letters of the alphabet). Note down how many words: (a) you are confident that you would regularly use; (b) you would recognize and understand if you read or heard them. Be brutally honest with yourself! Then multiply your totals by 100, to give a first approximation of your likely active and passive vocabularies.(Howard Jackson, Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2002)A Passive-Active Continuum[A]  commonly drawn  distinction is between active vocabulary, that which can be produced at will, and passive vocabulary, that which can be recognized.  However, as discussed in Teichroew  (1982), the picture is really more complicated. Lexical knowledge cannot be captured by means of a simple dichotomy. Teichroew proposed that vocabulary knowledge can best be repr esented as a continuum with the initial stage being recognition and the final being production. In her view, production should not be viewed in a monolithic fashion, for productive knowledge includes producing both a range of meanings as well as appropriate collocations (i.e., what words go together). For example, in our discussion of the word break  with regard to the work of Kellerman . . ., we noted the many meanings of that word. Initially, learners may know the meaning of break as in break a leg or break a pencil, and only with time do they learn the full range of meanings and such collocations as His voice broke at age 13.(Susan M. Gass and Larry Selinker,  Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course, 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001)

Limited partnership in USA and Uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limited partnership in USA and Uk - Essay Example In both countries, the formation of a limited partnership is between two or more persons with the same business objective. The general idea behind a limited partnership is that; there is at least one partner who will bear the full burden of the partnership’s debt, while at least one partner will be dormant. The dormant partner will only bear a portion of the partnership’s debt; that is, up to his/her contribution to the partnership’s capital. Limited partners shall not have any managerial authority. The UK law on limited partnership sets out some clear restrictions on the passive partners. These partners shall not (Osborne, 2002): If the limited partners fail to adhere to the above restrictions, they shall bear all the debts of the business up to the amount drawn out, while participating in the management of the company. The UK company law makes it clear that one cannot be both a general partner and a limited partner at the same time. Any individual or a legal body can become a partner in a limited partnership, either as a general partner or as a limited partner. Both countries require that a limited partnership be registered to ensure that it is not for fraudulent activities. In the UK, all partners in a limited partnership are equally liable for any debts incurred until registration (Osborne, 2002). In Saudi Arabia, joint partnerships will only be considered as legal after registration. Every joint partnership formed and registered under the country’s company law shall be regarded as a Jordanian corporate institution. According to the article (42) of company law; a partnership address should only consist of the general partners’ names. If a limited partner’s name is mentioned in the address, he/she ceases to be a passive partner. He/she becomes a general partner with the full responsibility of the business’ liabilities. The appropriate name should

Trade Union Revitalization in Europe and North America Essay

Trade Union Revitalization in Europe and North America - Essay Example This study looks into a trade union as a labor union. It is formed by workers of a given organization who come up together to set common goals and objectives which are mostly concerned with how to improve their welfare in their respective organizations. Trade unions have their own leadership structures that govern their day to day operations in ensuring that they do achieve their set goals and objectives. One of the key roles of the leadership of these trade unions is to negotiate with the respective employers to favor the interests of the members of that particular trade union. Mostly they bargain about how the employer is expected to improve the working conditions of its employees and also labor contracts. These labor contracts may include the procedures to be followed in recruitment of new staff members and dismissal of any existing employee, terms of wages and so on. Trade unions originated from Europe before spreading to other countries all over the world. In the past, they were not in existence but due to the fact that employers were taking advantage of their unskilled employees by underpaying them and misusing them in their work places trade unions were formed. They became very popular with the employees of various organizations worldwide due to the various benefits derived from them. Trade unions have the power to take any relevant industrial action such as strike if their negotiated demands are not adhered to by the respective authorities. Even though trade unions originated from Europe, the effects of neo-liberal turn has greatly affected the functioning and power of trade unions in the developed countries and especially in Europe and north America in the yester years. High labor mobility is another core factor that has affected the functioning of trade unions in Europe and North America. There has been a variety of strategies developed by the trade unions in these respective countries to try and address the major factors affecting the functioning and powers. These strategies are aimed at ensuring that these trade unions remain for the interest of its workers. Most discussions have been held by various trade unions in Europe and North America to discuss the most viable strategies to solve the problem of increasing labor mobility that has become a threat to the trade unions. One of these strategies that is mostly applicable in North America and Europe is trade union organizing. This strategy was developed in the United States of America before it spread to other countries in America. This strategy mostly stressed the true, fair and known strategies to be applied in the respective organizations when conducting the recruitment and selection of new staff members and also the strategies to be followed when empowering the existing employees in that organization (Milkma & Kim 2004) Despite the benefits associated with the trade union organizing, there has been serious debate in the North America and Europe as to whether this strategy i s the best to bring about revitalization in the trade unions found in organizations located in Europe and North America. In our essay we shall bring out the argument and conclude whether there is trade union revitalization in Europe and North America by assessing the major discussion in progress which aims to compare the organizing strategy with neo liberal regime. Unlike other earlier studies that discussed revitalization of trade unions, this essay focuses on the inter relationship that exists between the strategies chosen by the leaders of these trade unions in their given organizations and the opportunities that may

The Ways in Which the Stock Market Operated Assignment

The Ways in Which the Stock Market Operated - Assignment Example One of the overarching lessons I learned was with regards to the necessity of diversifying risk. As a function of this newfound information and the fact that I am generally a fiscally rational and somewhat risk-averse individual, I pursued a conservative approach. I bought Alcoa because it is a multinational corporation with a solid industrial basis that has been proven to generate solid revenue over the past several years. Additionally, due to the fact that the stock price was low when I purchased I expected that it would again gain value. I bought Dish Network because the stock has performed well over the past 4 months and I expected that it would continue to be a solid investment. Furthermore, Dish Network has been performing well in its expansion efforts around the United States. I bought Macy’s stock due to the fact that it was a solid retail outlet that has lived a long and storied past. Furthermore, I bought it as it was low priced and had lost some value of late and I expected it to rebound. Coca-Cola was also purchased as a safe bet and a company that had lost a small amount of value when I picked the stock. Similarly, it has gained value, although not much, and represents itself in the way I expected it to within the portfolio. Similarly, UBS, the banking giant, was purchased due to the fact that it was on a massive rebound after the derailment experienced during the global economic meltdown of 2007-2008. This stock, in particular, has been the brightest performer in my portfolio. Intel was chosen due to the fact that it has been a solid performer in computing solutions for decades. Unfortunately, due to some key market forces that I did not anticipate the stock was the lowest investment ratio as it lost around 14% of total value. Apple was chosen due to the fact that it has been one of the brightest performing technological manufacturers within the past several years.As such, this student was not disappointed in the fact that it produced a high degree of revenue.  

Swot analysis for passaic court house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Swot analysis for passaic court house - Essay Example It examines, in detail these aspects of my organization, and identifies how the organization can use this strength in advancing its objectives. Under the internal analysis, this paper also identifies the weaknesses of the Passaic Court House. It gives in detail, how the organization can use this information to reduce the threats that might emanate from its own weaknesses. This paper also gives an in-depth discussion on how the employees at the Passaic court house can use the resources at their disposal to achieve the goals and objectives of the business organization. The departments under review are the office of the prosecutor, the human resource department, Finance and Accounting, and the management office. This paper also analyzes the external environment of the Passaic Court House. The analysis includes the opportunities and the threats the organization faces. In analyzing the external environment in which the Passaic Court House operates, this paper takes into consideration the the demographic, and the economic environment. This paper analyzes how these factors create opportunities and threats to the affairs of the Passaic Court House. This paper provides recommendations that could help the organization to take advantage of the opportunities it has, and reduce the threats it faces. It outlines how these actions will work, and the process of implementing them at the Passaic Court House. The Passaic court house has the ability to attract highly skilled and competent staff. This is a major strength of the business organization, and it is made possible because of the human resource policies of the organization.

Exempllification essay with outline mla format The topic of the paper

Exempllification with outline mla format The topic of the paper the importance of excercise - Essay Example Health practitioners hold that regular physical activity enhances the quality of life for an individual through promoting good health. Exercises lower risks of certain diseases that are actually regarded as high killers. For example, many people across the globe have succumbed to obesity. Obesity is a serious issue that experts say can be addressed through regular exercise and good diet management. Another fatal disease in the same line is heart disease. This disease is linked to obesity and physical inactivity. Cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure among others constitute other examples that feature in the exercise debate as far as health is concerned (Libal 51). Over and above lowering disease and health complication risks, regular exercise impacts positively on the general life that an individual leads. From appearance to reduced aging rate, persons who engage in physical activity realize enormous benefits of exercising relative to their health status. Moreover, benefits of exercising go beyond the health factor to encompass the wholesome aspect of an individual’s life. While the physical appearance of the person who exercises is at the center stage of exercising, stamina is built from the inside. All that matters in this respect is the amount of energy that the body uses to undertake a given activity. With regular exercises, the body learns to be efficient in terms of energy consumption. For example, walking, lifting weights, or bicycling consumes energy, leading to exhaustion as the energy in the body reduces. Regular engagement in these activities trains the body to use the same level of energy for intensified physical activity. As a result, the individual’s exhaustion point keeps improving, thereby depicting improved body stamina. The importance of exercise extends to weight control. Here, the example given in regard to obesity and weight-related health complications is revisited. The art of weight

Swot analysis for passaic court house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Swot analysis for passaic court house - Essay Example It examines, in detail these aspects of my organization, and identifies how the organization can use this strength in advancing its objectives. Under the internal analysis, this paper also identifies the weaknesses of the Passaic Court House. It gives in detail, how the organization can use this information to reduce the threats that might emanate from its own weaknesses. This paper also gives an in-depth discussion on how the employees at the Passaic court house can use the resources at their disposal to achieve the goals and objectives of the business organization. The departments under review are the office of the prosecutor, the human resource department, Finance and Accounting, and the management office. This paper also analyzes the external environment of the Passaic Court House. The analysis includes the opportunities and the threats the organization faces. In analyzing the external environment in which the Passaic Court House operates, this paper takes into consideration the the demographic, and the economic environment. This paper analyzes how these factors create opportunities and threats to the affairs of the Passaic Court House. This paper provides recommendations that could help the organization to take advantage of the opportunities it has, and reduce the threats it faces. It outlines how these actions will work, and the process of implementing them at the Passaic Court House. The Passaic court house has the ability to attract highly skilled and competent staff. This is a major strength of the business organization, and it is made possible because of the human resource policies of the organization.

The Phenomenon of Harmful Algal Blooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Phenomenon of Harmful Algal Blooms - Essay Example Among these species, some comes out as a harmful breed for other aquatic animals and human who comes in contact with them because they release toxins which disables certain aquatic lives to breathe or can be dangerous because of their accumulated biomass. These harmful algal blooms are formerly known as â€Å"red tides†, because many were found composed of dinoflagellates with red pigments, which cause discoloration of water in red, but can also discolor water into brown or green. Algal blooms refer to a large concentration of marine microorganism and they get harmful when they start excreting poisonous toxins and become as a contributing factor in hundreds of mortalities of aquatic mammals, fishes, birds and other marine and coastal species which happens at the exposure of a potent neurotoxins. Excretion of toxins can result in deaths of a large number of aquatic species. Harmful Algal Blooms also put a negative impact on natural beauty and have bad odors produced by the deca ying of biomass. Theory Researchers and investigation teams are still unable to know the root cause and it is still controversial. Some theories are underlined, for explaining some of the causes that might be the reason of such dangerous Algal Blooms, threatening millions of aqua marine lives. It is believed that toxin blooms are often in result of one or more species of Cyanobacteria which are blue and green algae and grow on nutrient pollution. These spread during warm season of the year and produces both green (chlorophyll) and blue (phycocyanin) which appears as blue and green discoloration of water. It was previously referred as Red Tides, but with the passage of time, things got clear that these harmful algal blooms are not associated with the movement of tides and can vary in color from red to brown, green and blue, therefore they are now known as HABS (Harmful Algal Blooms). They are dangerous because of their toxins or the manner in which the physical structure of the cell affect co occurring species and alter food web process. It can be extremely dangerous when the water is clear with low concentration of cell in the presence of toxic HABs. Micro or Macro-algae is termed for seaweeds as well which sometimes out grows and causes serious ecological problems like habitat alteration, indigenous species and lowers oxygen level in deep water. Moreover, some HABs are not algae but small animals, who do not grow with photosynthesis but get their nutrition by grazing. A continuous research is going on since decades to get to the root cause of harmful algal blooms. Things are getting clear with the study but root issues are still inapproachable. Contributing Factors A study was carried out to find out the factors that contribute in the massive growth of harmful Algal Blooms. In some coastal regions, they appeared to be completely natural with a seasonal coastal upwelling and with the movement of ocean currents but in some areas, it is noticed that human activi ties are helping them grow massively. They are getting nutrition through human loading. Coastal pollution is the biggest factor, helping HABs to develop at large scale through systematic increase in water temperature and human waste disposal. Iron rich dust influx from large deserts can highly promote the cause of HABs. It is still unclear that what initiates this dangerous algae but research is still going on to reach the root issue. They grow quickly with an abundance of nitrates and phosphates which gets to coastal areas through agricultural run outs or storm water runs, coinciding with warmth which ultimately provide the best atmosphere to grow. Once the bloom is initiated it travels or spread hundreds or thousands of kilometers through coastal currents by wind deviation. Threats It

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation and the Environment Essay Psychology in everyday life second edition is a great book with lots of great information. But I find myself disagreeing with you on chapter four Environment and Sexual Orientation. I think that environmental factors have a lot to do with sexual orientation. You asked four questions: is homosexuality linked with problems in a child’s relationship with parents, does homosexuality involve a fear or hatred of people of the other gender, is sexual origination linked with levels of sex hormones, and as children were many homosexuals victimized? I think that all of those things including your environment can be a deciding factor in your sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is an enduring sexual attraction towards members of either our own or other sex. I think your environment plays one of the biggest roles in your sexual ordination because your environment influences the thing that you do. As a child you’re very young and impressionable it’s just like monkey see, monkey do. Our parents affect our relationships because our parents are the first relationship we see and as a child everything we see our parents do we mimic. There for If we grow up around a same sex relationship and you are used to seeing that in your everyday situation that is what you are use to and you may feel like that’s the way you want to live your life. So from what you saw as a child made you choose to be in a same sex relationship. I also think that the kind of relationships that you have with your parents also affects our sexuality. The relationship with your parents is one of the most influence relationships that you have in your life so it can very much have a positive or a negative effect on you. For example you growing up having a bad relationship with your dad may leave the impression that all men are dogs. That may cause you to drift away from the opposite sex. A male could have a horrible relationship with his mother leaving a bad impression of woman causing him to have ell feelings towards women because he never experienced a good relationship with his mom. I think there are a lot of different factors in some one big attracted to the same sex. Also someone being victimize as a child can cause them to be homosexual I don’t think that is the cause for every on but I do think it played a factor in some peoples lifestyle choice. Would that be the cause for everyone no not at all but it would be for some. Like genetic influences for example, shared sexual orientation is higher among identical twins than among fraternal twins. There are also brain differences for example gay men’s hypothalamus reacts as do straight women’s to the smell of sex-related hormones. Also the mother’s immune system may play a role in the development of sexual orientation. Another interesting fact is that men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to be gay about one third more likely for each additional older brother. Altered prenatal hormones exposure may lead to homosexuality in humans and other animals. Also right handed men with several older biological brothers are more likely to be gay, possibly due to a maternal immune system reaction. Homosexuality does appear to run in families homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side than on their father’s as you can see yes there are a lot of different things that can go into someone becoming gay. But my opinion that I think your environment plays the biggest role as it does for anyone else. Your environment shapes and moles you as a person. It might not be the deciding factor to what makes you gay, but I think it plays a big role. In the situation . So based on these findings I would have to disagree with you I very much do believe that your environment plays a huge role in your sexual orientation. I would like to think you for your time, and I think that chapter four has brought some very good insight and I have learned a lot. You made some very valet point’s thank you again for your insight.

Environmental Management Systems

Environmental Management Systems Will Environmental Management Systems and associates Environmental Reporting initiatives aid the concept of Sustainable Development in application? The International Organization forStandardization (ISO) is a federation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)created to elaborate and improve international standards. The ISO initiallycreated general management standards (the ISO 9000 Series) for organizationsand industries that acknowledged the value of a systematic approach tomanagement. However, as economic growth and the environment have often been inconflict with one and other (and industries today face many political, socialand economic pressures to improve their environmental performance Gale, 1996)the ISO further developed the 14000 Series, which applied the same managementsystem as the 9000 Series to companies environmental issues (The LexingtonGroup, 2005: 5). The principles behind the ISO 14000 Series apply to any organization, public or private, whose activities, products or services interact directly or indirectly with the environment (The Lexington Group, 2005). The ISO 14000 Series quickly became the environmental policy standard for companies to follow, and since its establishment in 1996 thousands of organizations have adopted the Environmental Management Systems (EMSs). EMSs are used in the public and private arenas, at all scales, from national to local government, and from large multi-national corporations to small privately owned businesses. This essay will discuss if, and towhat extent, EMSs (and specifically the Environmental Reporting subsidiary)will aid the concept of sustainable development in application. This essay isstructured as follows: first, it discusses the most important of the ISO 14000standards, the EMS; second, it considers another ISO 14000 component,Environmental Reporting; third, it analyses and considers the variables andapplication of sustainable development; fourth, it turns to a few case studiesto illustrate how EMSs work in practice; and finally, it draws some conclusionsabout how effective these standards are in aiding the concept of sustainabledevelopment. Environmental Management Systems As discussed in the Introduction,the ISO 14000 Series was developed to apply the ISOs widely recognizedmanagement systems to a companys environmental issues (The Lexington Group,2005). The EMS, or ISO standard 14001, quickly became the internationallyrecognized framework for environmental management, measurement, evaluation andauditing (GreenBiz, 2005: 1). To list a few examples, the responsibilities ofthe EMS include: creating a detailed environmental policy for an organization,examining the environmental impact of its products, activities and services,establishing environmental objectives, assisting the organization in meetingits legal and regulatory requirements, providing training to employees, andoverseeing the companys auditing procedure. The EMS meets international standards, but is tailored to specific operations, allowing companies to control the environmental impact of their activities, products, and services (GreenBiz, 2005: 1). Though an organization could, ofcourse, establish these very guidelines and parameters themselves, companiesoften find that ISO 14001 adherencehelps to meet the ever-increasingenvironmental standards and concerns of the global marketplace (GreenBiz,2005:1). Other likely benefits for a company effectively implementing an EMSare numerous and include, among others: .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a more effective and systematic approach to managing itsinteractions with the environment (The Lexington Group, 2005); .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  improving cost-effectiveness (by saving the money and staff timenecessary to manage environmental affairs independently The Lexington Group,2005, as well as by improving efficiency and in turn reducing the costs ofenergy, materials, fine and penalties Morrow and Rondinelli, 2002:162); .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  allowing companies to convey their environmental policies moreeffectively to neighbouring communities and other stakeholders (The LexingtonGroup, 2005); .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and improving their image and attracting customers through theestablishment of a strong image of corporate responsibility (Morrow andRondinelli, 2002: 163). All of these benefits, of course,increase the likelihood that companies will help contribute to sustainabledevelopment. However, the cost and benefits of an EMS (and in turn, theprobability that the EMS will play a role in sustainable development) fluctuateconsiderably depending on a range of criteria. These might include: the type oforganization, its existing eco-efficiency,the organizations potential environmental impacts or risks, the extent towhich a company previously implemented aspects of environmental sustainability,and the premium placed on sustainability by the organizations stakeholders andcustomers (The Lexington Group, 2005). Whilst this section has outlined EMSs and their potential beneifts, the following section will discuss Environmental Reporting, its association and influence on EMS, and its contribution to the sustainable development of organizations. Environmental Reporting Corporate reporting is an essentialcomponent of business management. It is defined as the voluntary publicpresentation of information about an organizations non-financial performance -environmental, social and economic over a specified period, usually afinancial year (Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005: 1). These can bemade public in a variety of ways, including as a stand-alone document, on a companywebsite, or as a component of an Annual Report (Department of Environment andHeritage, 2005). An Environmental Report is a key component of the ISO 14000 Series, and an essential step to increasing transparency and, as a result, accountability in a companys environmental practices (Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005). The practice of Environmental Reporting is becoming more common because of pressure from stakeholders, as well as a general public demand for increased openness on environmental issues (Kolk, 1999). Further, some countries have now begun to impose legal obligations on firms to produce Environmental Reports (Kolk, 1999). A Corporate Environmental Report(CER) is, in essence, a means to imparting a companys environmental performance.Arguably, the most important function of the CER is to allow the organizationto evaluate its observance of the environmental policies, goals and objectivesset out in its EMS (United Nations Environment Programme, 2005). It is alsoused to: exhibit a companys EMS and corporate responsibility; demonstrate tokey stakeholders, as well as to customers, that it is complying with theirdemands; help a company track its own progress and identify internal strengthand weaknesses (United Nations Environment Programme, 2005); and evaluate itscurrent performance and set further future goals. The general societal demand for increased transparency on environmental issues, and in turn environmental reporting, is exemplified by the fact that the most complete reports are published by industries with poor or controversial public images, i.e., the chemical or timber industries (Davis-Walling and Batterman, 1997). In so long as there is objectivityand honesty, environmental reporting can be conducted either internally orexternally (Rice, 2005). Undeniably, for environmental reporting to beworthwhile, it must be credible, and there is increasing pressure from twospecific directions to verify environmental reports: first, there is asignificant move from environmental statements and intentions to quantified,comparable, verifiable, and even verified information (Kolk, 1999: 225); andsecond, the requirement of independent, third-party verification andcertification as an almost expected element of every worthwhile effort(Rice, 2005: 1). Though Environmental Reporting hasa big role to play in aiding the long-term sustainability of an organization,it is nonetheless a process plagued with problems. Research seems to indicatethat environmental reporting is typically deficient and not of a standard tosatisfy the information needs of various classes of report readers (Deegan andRankin, 1999). An independent study of the environmental reports of the Fortune50 firms found that none provided information that was sufficient forcomprehensive or comparative analyses of environmental performance(Davis-Walling and Batterman, 1997: 1432). Research suggests that one of thebiggest problems is that a company can begin its environmental reportingwhenever it wants, and that this often leads to disappointing results. Environmental Reporting, then,typically comes before the EMS, and could therefore only act as a statement ofobjectives, and not the researched and analysed report on the achievement ofenvironmental objectives under an EMS that its meant to be. To be practicaland effectual (and not simply a statement of environmental policies)environmental reporting should really be developed further along theimplementation of the ISO 14000 Series. Additionally, it should be a continuousprocess, and referred back to again and again in an attempt to consolidate theEMS and effectively analyse the companies progress. This chronology supports the ISOspecification that organizations seek continuous improvement: bycontinually reporting, as opposed to providing a one-off initial report,organizations can repeatedly evaluate and adapt their EMS. In essence, it isimportant to underline that the CER is a means to environmental improvement andgreater accountability, not an end in itself (United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, 2005: 1). Consideration of the variables and application of Sustainable Development The term Sustainable Developmentwas first used in 1987 in Our Common Future, also known as theBrundtland Report of the United Nations Commission on Environment andDevelopment (WCED). The definition offered by the Brundtland Report is stillthe most commonly used today, and describes Sustainable Development simply, andarguably vaguely, as development that meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (WCED, 1987:43). Sustainability is often regarded as the buzz-word of development policy in the 21st Century. Indeed, as The Economist aptly stated: No one in their right mind is against sustainable development. Everyone thinks it would be terrific if there were less poverty, less pollution, less disease, less war, less corruption (2002). As an umbrella-term, its WCED definition has been instrumental in creating a consensus, but less helpful in creating and outlining a framework for its achievement. Currently, there are in the region of 70 different definitions for Sustainable Development, and each allows organizations to interpret the term in whatever way they see fit. For that reason, EMS and Environmental Reporting are especially important for giving public and private organisations alike, from a national to a local level, the standardised framework necessary not just for demonstrating their commitment to the practice of sustainability, but for making progress towards its actual achievement. As mentioned in the Introduction,economic growth and the environment are often regarded as being at odds, andthe ISO 14000 Standards are particularly important for helping organizationsand industry to reach their desired level of sustainability, and to incorporatethe environment into their general framework. Determining an EMS is anorganizations first, and most vital step in establishing what itsenvironmental aspects are, and how it is going to deal with them. That said,any organization can develop an EMS, and though it is an important startingpoint, it proves little about an organizations sustainability in and ofitself. Environmental Reporting is therefore essential not just to act as the companys own environmental audit, but to demonstrate to stakeholders and society that they are indeed conducting themselves in a sustainable manner. Moreover, achieving sustainability is a complicated and long-term (if not permanent) process; Environmental Reporting allows a company not only to evaluate its accomplishments, but also the opportunity to re-evaluate its target. The following section outlines some case studies of how organizations have used EMS and Environmental Reporting to minimize their environmental impact. Case Studies This section will present a fewcase studies to illustrate the value of EMSs and Environmental Reporting. Eachcase study has been selected to show range in the applicability of thestandards as well as to demonstrate their use in both the public and privatesectors. Solid Waste Management Division, Department of Public Works. Berkeley,California, USA. Description The Solid Waste Management Divisionis Berkeleys municipal waste collection and disposal facility. It collectsplant debris, refuse and recycling from approximately 40,000 residential andcommercial properties, as well as operating a transfer station, anoil-recycling depot, and a drop-off and buy-back recycling centre. The SolidWaste Management System decided to implement an EMS (involving about 25 percent of their 102 employees) for a variety of reasons, including: improving thefacilitys environmental performance, as well as employees participation inthis improvement; making the particular division consistent with the Citysoverall environmental principles; the EMS value as a marketing/publicrelations tool; the reduction of costs; and finally, an increased competitiveadvantage. Conclusions Through implementing an EMS, theSolid Waste Management Division was able to jointly determine whatenvironmental impacts the facility had, or might have in the future. These werethen ranked and goals set to lessen the environmental impact of the facility.These included: eliminating 98 per cent of dust particles, reducing theelectricity used by 250Kwh annually, improving the control of hazardousmaterials brought into the site by 75 per cent, adding three mailings per yearto enhance consumer participation in recycling collection, reducing waterconsumption by 25 per cent, and reducing number of pickups scheduled to reducefuel consumption and emissions. Some of the direct benefits andcontributions to Sustainable Development have been: a reduction in airpollution for the entire City of Berkeley; gaining respect and bettercooperation from the Department of Public Works, including budget changes; andconsultation by other City of Berkeley Departments and other Solid Wastepractices all over the United States. Additionally, conducting an EnvironmentalReport to determine the effects of the EMS allowed the facility not only to seethe improvements that it had already made, but to analyse them and set newtargets such as: revising the job descriptions, rerouting to reduce the numberof miles covered each day, and implementing a new dust suppression system. Beacon Council, Nottinghamshire County Council, United Kingdom. Description One aspect of the Beacon CouncilsEnvironmental Reporting System is a fully computerised monitoring andtargeting (MT) system for evaluating performance at all 600 of theirbuildings. Data from all utility providers (including electricity, gas, coal,oil, biomass, and water) are recorded in the specialist system. These are thenmonitored and benchmarked against national performance, and create the abilityto instigate corrective action to improve performance. Conclusions As reported by the Beacon Council,the MT system carries out the following functions: sets energy targets andmonitors performance; sets energy budgets and controls expenditure; validatesand verifies bills and recovers overcharges; and monitors and reduces CO2emissions. The continual reporting of the MT system has been vital in itsconstant monitoring and improving of the Beacon Councils environmentalsustainability. Gillepsie Decals, Inc. Wilsonville, Oregon, USA. Description Gillepsie Decals, Inc. is a40-employee screen-printing company in Oregon. To develop an EMS, the companytook the following steps: first, it developed its environmental policy; second,it identified the companys environmental aspects and then ranked them in orderof importance; and third, it set out environmental goals and developed programsto achieve them. Conclusions The company made a number ofimprovements and took significant steps towards achieving environmentalsustainability. Two noteworthy examples are: one, they reduced the amount ofwaste ink by developing standards for ink mixing, and a computer record ofcolours and mixes for repeat jobs; and two, they reduced their water usage by requestinginformation from other companies on their water recycling systems, bypurchasing bottled drinking water for employees (and thereby improving employeespirits); and by installing low-flush toilet models. Gillespies have stated their commitment to continuous environmental improvement, and have decided to develop other environmental aspects in the future. It is unclear whether Gillespies carried out Environmental Reporting, but it is apparent that this process would be useful for both confirming the environmental improvements already made, and determining what remains to be done to achieve the desired level of sustainability. Conclusion EMS and Environmental Reportingwill indeed aid in the concept of Sustainable Development in application. TheCase Studies in the previous section demonstrated some of the positive resultsof an organizations implementation of an EMS. All three examples illustratedhow an EMS, and Environmental Reporting, contribute to the improvedenvironmental performance of the institutions in question. The Gillespie CaseStudy was a very small-scale example of EMS that demonstrated how the systemcould work even for a small company. Furthermore, the first two case studies certainly are a demonstration of how the EMS and Environmental Reporting can contribute to more than just their institutions environmental performance. In the Berkeley example, it showed not just how an EMS can contribute to Sustainable Development for the single institution, but also how this affects the city as a whole, and can influence similar institutions nation- (or even world-) wide. The Beacon Council Case Study is a useful example of how EMS can make not just environmental sense, but financial sense as well. The first two examples also servedto illustrate what a vital component Environmental Reporting really is. Theyvalidated Rices line of reasoning that for an EMS to be effective, theEnvironmental Reporting not only has to occur, but occur continuously.Environmental Reporting needs to be pushed further down the time-line of theISO 14000 Series, and be something that occurs after the EMS has beenimplemented (so it acts not just as a statement of objectives but as an actualreport), and on a continual basis because sustainability it not a one-off andsimple achievement. The Gillespie example is therefore a useful illustration of how EMS can be effective, but without consistent re-evaluation and continuous reporting, the first set of changes are unlikely to be followed by another set. If this is the case, an organizations environmental performance will at best remain stagnant, but more likely decline, instead of continuously improving. This will certainly not aid the concept of Sustainable Development in application. EMS and Environmental Reporting arenot, however, the panacea for Sustainable Development. Critiques of thestandards that are proffered simply because they do not guarantee SustainableDevelopment are contrary, and risk throwing out the baby with the bathwater,or rejecting the essential with the inessential. EMS and EnvironmentalReporting are rather two single parts of a possible solution with an infinitenumber of components. They should be seen, and valued, as such. Works Cited Berkeley,City of (2005) Solid Waste Management Division, Department of Public WorksCase Study, available from Eco-efficiency is the primary way in which businesses can contribute to theconcept of sustainable developmentThe vision of eco-efficiency is simply toproduce more from less. Reducing waste and pollution, and using fewer energyand raw materials is obviously good for the environment. It is alsoself-evidently good for business because it cuts companies costs, excerptsfrom the Bulleting of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development(The Lexington Group, 2005: 6).

Life Goals in Charles Dickens Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Life Goals in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations "He came closer to my tombstone, took me by both arms, and tilted me back as far as he could hold me, so that his eyes looked powerfully into mine, and mine looked most helplessly up into his" (3). These lines describe the entrance of the character, Provis, into the life of a young man who goes by the name of Pip. Pip is the protagonist in Great Expectations, the classic novel by Charles Dickens. Written in 1861, Great Expectations tells the life story of Pip, a young man who is born into the working class of England and makes his rise in society as the years progress. During his childhood years, Pip is endowed to his sister, who "brings him up by hand" (5), meaning she uses brute force when in comes to punishment, and punishment is frequent even when not required. This is also the time in his life when Pip meets the convict, Provis, out on the marshes near the church. Provis plays a key role in Pip's rise in society, even though Pip doesn't know it. Throughout the novel, the convict is subconsciously if not consciously on Pip's mind. The reader may not notice this fact at first, but it becomes evident as the novel progresses. Around the end of the novel, Pip finally learns who is the cause for his sudden wealth, and he realizes that his reasons for being ashamed of his family are shallow, so he sets things right. Great Expectations is the goals that Pip has about his life. During his childhood, Pip becomes the playmate to Estella, the adopted daughter of the wealthy Miss Havisham. Immediately, he falls in love with her, but she feels that she is socially above him and therefore he is not worthy of her. Upon first meeting Pip, Estella, upon hearing that she is to play cards with him, immediately remarks, "With this boy! Why, he is a common labouring-boy!" (55). Estella scorns Pip from the first day she meets him. Pip wants to be better for Estella and becomes ashamed of his family, because they are common townspeople. Estella is the reason for Pip's first expectation of becoming part of the upperclass. This aim is fulfilled when Pip learns that he has "come into a handsome property" (129) and he is to "be brought up as gentleman- in a word, as a young fellow of great expectations" (129).

Describing Death

Giovanni Martinelli’s early career as a Florentine painter is relatively unknown. It is documented that he moved to Florence in 1634. Prior to relocating, Martinelli produced Memento Mori (Death Comes to the Dinner Table). This piece has a comparable style to the Florentine painters Filippo Tarchiani and Anastagio Fontebuoni. Memento Mori is displayed in a clear narrative style. Martinelli created a colorful and dramatic scene that was underscored by the hasty arrival of death. Some translations state that Memento Mori means â€Å"Remember, you shall die. Here, Martinelli portrays a group of five individuals of varying ages. They appear to be from a wealthy stock. They wear expensive clothing and are seen at a dinner table partaking in a party of sorts. They are gallivanting around a table that is filled with an abundant collection of exotic fruits, pies, and pastries. Along with the food, Martinelli painted various wine glasses that appear to be hand-crafted and of the highe st fashion. Giovanni used bright, shiny silken wear with colors ranging from yellow, to peach, to blue. The colors complement each figure, adding to their personality and desire for greed. These wealthy-looking people appear—almost instantaneously—to be in a rigid state of duress. On the far right side of the painting, we see, in dark shades, the resemblance of a skeleton holding up an hourglass, as if to say, â€Å"cheers. † This one-time jovial band of feasters is seen reacting to the new character intruding on their high-standing party. The faces offer gestures of utter shock and dismay. All the focus shifts from their colorful mealtime festivities to this arch nemesis, and back again. The skeletal metaphor of death leans into one man’s shoulder. This man closest to death is in the act of clutching his heart. His eyes dilate toward the figure of death and his mouth, just slightly ajar, appears to be ready to cave open in utter horror. He, however, is too dumbfounded by this apparent figure of death’s close proximity to do anything but freeze in horror. ANALYSIS OF MEMENTO MORI There are two men at the rear end of the table, furthest from death. They are also horrified. One man is seen posturing with arms wide-open, even though his is furthest from death. He is attempting to back away; yet, at the same time, he is powerless and unable to leave the empty gaze of death’s vision; for running will do no good to the mortal man, regardless if he led a life of sin-hood or martyrdom. Morals were almost epidemic in Martinelli’s fresco works. Memento Mori is another classic story-telling scene with moralistic intent. The era of this 17th century creation occurred at a time when plague was a hearty, healthy killer. The deathful onslaught of plague, in all its pestilence, came to towns without warning. It attacked the poor and wealthy alike, caring little for a person’s status in regards to wealth, politics, or religion. To create the moral fabric surrounding the powers of death through plague, Martinelli displayed deep imagery between the youthful party-goers who were enjoying their food and intoxicating drinks. He contrasts these free-willing, wealthy individuals with the ghastly—even chilling—reality of death. He does so by casting death’s chin over one man’s shoulder. This imagery adds power and personality to the fresco. Martinelli displays the image of death coming to this gathering alone and without emotion or guile. The lone figure of death is shown to uproot the lives of this group of healthy, stress-free people—startling the living daylights out of everyone, young and old. MODERN-DAY IRONY Today, some four-hundred years after Giovanni Martinelli finished his last brush stroke to canvas, we remain as close to the fear of death’s randomness as the 17th century plague-ridden societies were. For 300 years plague hung over the lives of Europeans like an omnipresent cloud,† said Mormando, who is an Italian studies professor at Boston College. This statement, today, holds tremendous weight to our real-world current lifestyle. Today, terrorism, war, suicide bombing, and the like are the molds that cast this same skeletal image at our kitchen table. Terrorism is a specter that comes at us in many forms: anthrax, subway bombs, and suicide hijacker leading to the massive death of September 11, 2001. Just as smallpox left past centuries in a state of despair and real fear, we, today, see how fear forces us to change our reality. This changing reality holds an ominous likeness to the changes that the banqueters in Momento Mori faced. Martinelli’s plague painting is characteristic 17th century Italian. The horrific tendency of the subject matter never destroyed the utter beauty—even charismatic charm—of the oils that he chose to mix in his representation of terror and deathly destruction. For in his era of epidemics and massive death, hardly a decade passed without plague haunting a town and bringing it to its knees. When this painting was created, there wasn’t anything small about death. It came in massive, near apocalyptic proportions, decimating generations in the blink of an eye. So, the timing of Martinelli’s piece was right in line with the mood of the generation. This connection further enlivened his work back then. Since we, in the dawn of the 21st century, can relate to massive death and fear through terrorism, war, and civil upheaval around the globe, it also adds empowering imagery to his age-old mastery. The imagery of Memento Mori is further encapsulated by the grave images on these wealthy party-goers’ faces. The hand-crafted beautiful likeness on the faces of those facing death offers deep-rooted thinking that says: As some of the Italians survived a plague-ridden epidemic, they continued to look-over-their-shoulders awaiting the next surprise visit by the specter of death. It’s rather haunting how this parallels with what terrorism instills upon societies around the planet today. Plague paintings like Martinelli’s, many times, depicted a person pinching their nose to refrain from smelling the horror of death in the air. Martinelli, however, appeared to glaze over his moral of death and the fear of death by not rendering any people in his paintings to be abhorred by the scent of death. This may further enhance the true lifestyle of the wealthy in the 17th century: they had more than they could fathom. So, was Martinelli a closet optimist? Or was his subliminal imagery set up to leave us with this question: How can the rich continue to ignore the fate of death, and why don’t they seem concerned with finding ways to better humanity instead of bettering their personal property and lavishness? In closing, we must also consider the element of hope and healing, and why it is not apparent in Memento Mori. We must consider the ‘miasma theory’ and its transmission by way of corrupt air. It’s the complete randomness of plague that Martinelli depicts so well that adds such force to this painting. As we continue to live in corrupt societies, it seems that the fear of death will continue to hang over our shoulders. Terrorism is likened to the countless plagues that washed over communities those many centuries ago. As death and terror come and go, the art of the masters remain untouched.

Native Americans relations with Europeans

According to the anonymous author , â€Å"Objectivity is neither possible nor desirable. It's not possible because all history is subjective; all history represents a point of view. â€Å", which In other words means that people see history In the way they want to see It based on what they think Is Important. It Is not possible to be objective because everything one says and thinks Is based on our perceptions, knowledge, thoughts and feelings . It Isn't desirable because If someone Is trying to get a point across, they have to be subjective. History, while trying to be objective is mostly subjective.The historian brings their feelings, prejudices, backgrounds, as well as their P. O. Vs. to historical situations. This effects how history is told and written about. The various authors that have wrote about Columbus arrival to the New World based it off of their own view of the world and of Columbus. In † A People's History of the United States â€Å", Howard Zion approaches hi s view on history in a more opinion based way. Howard Zion beings by retelling the encounter between the natives and Columbus. Zion's view of this Is different from the traditional encounter most historians talk about.Howard Zion points out that the Europeans came to the Americas in search of slaves and gold and brutally killed almost all the Indians, who according to many other people were a peaceful people. This shows that Zion Is subjective and doesn't view Columbus as an â€Å"enlightened † explorer but rather a brutal one that would do anything such as torture others to get what he wants. Then Zion gives his opinion on how history is usually told from the Elite groups point of view. Zion points out that Columbus thought the Natives were weak and wouldn't be able to defend themselves.Howard Zion does give facts about the encounter such as using Columbus own Journal as evidence but he does become biased in certain parts of the first chapter. In other words , Zion wanted to tell the Natives pop because he wants the reader to know about that part of history. Zion wanted to expose Columbus as a cruel man. The idea of exploitation of resources, of people, of cultural differences was an Important factor In the conquest of the New World. Zion's way of thinking and his thought one how the elite shouldn't be the only one that students should read about were reasons why Zion Is not objective at all.He does become biased and bases his reasons on thoughts about letting the reader hear the Natives side of the story. In A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America†, Ronald Attack is subjective as well because he takes the Natives side by pointing a lot of negative defects of the Europeans. At first , Ronald Attack talks about how the Natives viewed the Europeans. Attack states that the Natives saw the Europeans as â€Å"ugly † and â€Å"strange† . Ronald gives the reader an insight on how the Natives felt towards these explorers. A l ot of other historians don't teach about the thoughts of the oppressed people.Then Attack talks about how the the English Justified colonization, enslavement and murder. The English didn't view their taking of the land as robbery. Attack points out that Columbus saw these people As loving their neighbors as themselves, and having the sweetest talk In the world, and gentle, and always with a smile. Then the author writes about how the Europeans would destroy the Natives villages. The Europeans reclaimed the natives as savages and non-human. As an opportunity to take over the land. The Natives would be categorized as â€Å"the other† while the Europeans were entitled to the land.Attack describes the Europeans as greedy and in control. Attack focuses on the severe treatment of the Indians and how this affected them in a negative way. This can be seen as being biased because Attack views the Natives as the victims and the Europeans as the villains . In the â€Å"American Pageant , chapter 1: New World Beginnings†, David M. Kennedy, Thomas A. Bailey, and Elizabeth Cohen present history in a more objective way. It is objective but the author still presents history in the way they want the reader to see it. They tell the reader only what they want them to know.These authors start off by talking about the shaping of North America and the theory of Pangaea is explained. Then they inform the reader about early Americans such as the Pueblo Indians , Mound Builders and and Eastern Indians. Later on in chapter one , the authors start to talk about Columbus arrival to the New World. Throughout this section of the text , there was no opinions made. The authors state that Columbus was trying to reach the East Indies and how he misjudged the size of Earth. They are informing the reader rather than trying to convince them about a certain topic.The authors don't give their opinions on Columbus nor talk about his treatment towards the Natives. The quote does not go w ith this text because this text is showing that objectivity can be possible. The authors are being objective because they are basing their Judgment on the facts and what has been presented without putting any personal beliefs or bias comments. In â€Å"A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus' Great Discovery to the War on Terror, Chapter 1: The City On A Hill , 1492-1707†, Larry Shareware and Michael Allen's way of telling the reader history can be seen as more objective.Shareware and Allen wants to give the reader a fair story of the nation to the reader but does the opposite. Both authors become subjective because their history telling is based on patriotism. They want the reader to see the proud history of America. Allen and Shareware want to show their appreciation and respect for the United States. They leave out the negatives that occurred in history . This book (chapter 1) shows that history is a product of it's authors. Since both of these authors are proud Americans , they want to show the positives of the nation throughout history.In the first chapter , the authors point out that Columbus and other explorers such as Cortes were innocent and didn't deliberately give the Native Americans diseases. The authors tell the history that all history books have in it but is also trying to go against â€Å"A People's History of the United States. † The authors point out that because Americans had a Christian Culture , they took life, liberty and property as serious manners. They also point out that hard work was a building block of the success of America. From chapter one , Allen and Shareware show a conservative perspective because they want the reader to see that the U.S is a special nation because when the New World was found, settlers adopted several systems such as religious integrity, private property rights and also competition amongst groups like political parties. These authors want to show the reader that history can be s ubjective while containing facts. In â€Å"The Devastation of the Indies: A Short Account†, Bartholomew De Lass Cases does show a subjective way of telling history because he takes a side. Bartholomew tells the reader that the Europeans were cruel Soldiers would use this hospitality as an advantage to take over cities and villages.This would allow them to get to the gold and slaves they wanted. Bartholomew goes on saying that the Europeans would massacre millions of natives , raping innocent woman and killing innocent children. The Spaniards would use slaves to build buildings and to attack other villages since sometimes the Spaniards didn't want to use their own men. Bartholomew points out that the Spaniards committed genocide. There are two sides to every story and Barcarole goes with the side of the indigenous people. Bartholomew focused on the horrific actions taken by the Spaniards. Ironically , Barcarole was a Spaniard priest but still went against his people .He believ ed that the conduct of the Spaniard Christians were not one of someone that followed the Christian faith. This ties in with the quote because Bartholomew is being subjective and is making it clear that objectivity can't be possible in his brief account . Bartholomew wanted to portray the Spaniards in the worst light and also tell people the unfairness treatment that the Natives had to go through. Therefore , various authors that have wrote about Columbus arrival to the New World and the history of Early America have based it on their point of view and thoughts.An authors ultra and worldview can affect the way they write about history by making it bias. Some authors might take a side and argue for that side. Authors will make their point using facts to back up their opinions. This leads to the conclusion that objectivity is rare in writings about history although it isn't impossible . While the authors of â€Å"The American Pageant † present history using facts and don't take sides , other authors want to pursue the reader and make the reader believe what they believe. This shows that history is subjective because an author will base tell history in the way they want to.